Dark Matter Candidates and Their Properties

Kalhor B

Published on: 2024-04-30

Abstract

Dark matter is a kind of matter that we cannot see directly. Scientists have detected dark matter by analyzing the relationship between the curvature of light, mass, gravity, and velocity of the visible stars in galaxies. For example, the higher speed of the side stars of a galaxy implies more mass in the galaxy. However, they cannot describe it clearly. Here we show that faster conversion of the spectrum of dark matter to the spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the reason why they are hidden. Hence, an emitter could be visible to nearby observers, while more distant observers detect it as a dark matter.

Keywords

Dark Matter; Gravitational; Stars; Electromagnetic CMB Spectrum; Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)

Introduction

One of the most profound mysteries in astrophysics and cosmology is the identity of dark matter. There are many pieces of evidence that the dominant contribution of matter in the universe is dark matter [1]. For instance, observational data from gravitational e?ects supports the existence of an unknown component in the universe [2-4]. On the other hand, cold dark matter models with weakly interacting particles predict more density in the centers of galaxies and clusters compared to actual observations [5]. Nowadays, cosmological measurements have now determined with high precision the amount of dark matter [6].  In the standard cosmological model the density of the dark matter is calculated at about 4.5 times of the density of the baryon [7].

The behavior of dark matter is one of the most important questions in physics. Despite the evidence for dark matter from cosmological data at small and large scales, clear evidence for a particle explaining these observations remains absent. On the other hand, the cold dark matter models cannot predict dark matter on scales of ∼ 10kpc or less. This lack of success is usually explained by the di?culty of modeling baryonic physics [8].

After introducing the Quantum Redshift (QR) [9,10] and the Quantum Cosmic Microwave Background (QCMB) [11], we can propose a novel description of dark matter by using the Quantum Structure of the Electromagnetic Waves (QSEW) [12]. In the Quantum Structure Electromagnetic Waves theory, each period of the wave is equivalent to a virtual box, and the capacity of each period is equal to the quanta energies where .

In the Quantum Redshift, when waves pass through space, regardless of the frequency of the waves, each period loses one or more quanta energies. Hence, the number of quanta energies in each period will be decreased. Whenever one period loses a specific number of the quanta energies, the wave reconstructs itself by destroying some periods and using their remaining quanta energies to fill other periods. This reconstruction is the reason for the decreasing frequency. This cycle would be continued until the spectrum of the emitter converted to the spectrum of the CMB. After converting the spectrum of the emitter to the spectrum of the CMB, the emitter would be invisible to observers.

In this paper, we claim that dark matters are matters whose spectrum has been converted to the CMB. We show that according to the location of the observers, the map of the dark matter would be different. The chance of observers to find much dark matter in their nearby distance of less than 50-70 light-years is too low. Also, we claim that the hot and massive stars in the center of the galaxies are good candidates for dark matter because their spectrum will be converted to the CMB and are invisible to us.

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