Rural management and development includes elements of people and government. Rural integration plays a role. Rural management and development is the direction of the rural community. The government is also a means to achieve the goals of the rural community. In which people play a significant role. Villagers also carry out major activities to meet public needs, and the management and development of villages have played an important role in the type of materials and construction methods in the country's villages from the beginning to the present. It is essential for local rural neighbourhoods (shura and dehyar) in the villages of the country to soon accept the conditions for creating villages in the  absence of the possibility and the role of virtual space in 

managing and developing villages with appropriate construction methods and materials for the residents of the villages. Based on the study of rural management and development studies, local and indigenous villages and villages play an important role in the development of rural architecture [1].

Local management plays a significant role in the development of the environment and infrastructure for building construction in the community and the lack of migration of villagers. The lack of participation of people in rural development decisions increases the participation of rural people.

However, studies show that there is a gap between expectations and reality, which causes people to reduce and increase participation in rural development. Rural management and development is a comprehensive and multifaceted environment that requires collaboration between local institutions of the rural community to create a dynamic quality of life in villages, reduce population decline, poverty, and environmental damage, and transform villages into ecotourism hubs.

Rural management and governance can be a solution. And the coordination of balanced development of residential houses helps to increase the efficiency of the villagers. And dynamic development can be examined, which indicates this category of people that the management and development of villages in each region includes participation and the government, which, in turn, leads to the production of organic products with high added value, Developing local processing industries for agricultural products and sustainable agriculture promotes rural development and creates sustainable income.

Information and communication technologies such as the Internet, mobile phones, and e-commerce increase rural people's access to information and services and create new opportunities for improvement and addressing management shortcomings. And the combination of these components becomes dynamic and improves the lifestyle and quality of life of the residents of the villages. The spatial and spatial differences in the rural settlements of Iran provide a suitable model for the management of these settlements that improves the standards of living and achieves this goal requires the management and development of the villages.

The dispersion of villages, climatic conditions, changes in financial resources, weakness of local institutions, and changes in the lifestyle of villagers are challenges facing the management and development of villages. Geographical dispersion, population size, weak infrastructure, and lack of formal institutions (village councils and councils) are challenges and problems that have neglected the traditional lifestyle of villagers and the residential needs of villagers.

In addition, there are comprehensive theoretical gaps for analyzing the factors affecting local management: population decline, rural migration, environmental degradation, lack of building materials, lack of government support, construction style, lack of credit to the rural sector for facilities, and construction.

This research is essential for improving local management of the village, its development, and dynamism in building and lifestyle.

• And what are the questions related to the distribution of rural areas inside and outside?
• What are the consequences of the challenges to the management and development of villages?

Rural Management and Development

Harap 2001, rural management is the organization and guidance of rural communities according to their existing roles and functions to achieve specific goals and needs. Rural management involves the economic, social and environmental linkages of sustainable processes in village’s prof, [2]. 

Akash believes that rural management refers to the management of resources, services and activities in rural areas. Rural management involves planning, organizing, directing and controlling activities to achieve specific objectives that give quality of life to rural communities. Rural management is multidisciplinary in nature. And it originates from various fields such as agriculture, economics, sociology, and public administration. Currently, in the country, local elements of rural management include Islamic and village councils, which are in five areas: headquarters and administration, economy and finance, social services, politics, health and environment, and physical and development [3].

Local Management

Today, local management has been formed to attract the conscious and meaningful presence of villagers in various environmental, ecological, social, economic, and physical fields [4-6]. Local management is considered to be in the field of exploiting the capacity and cooperation of villagers and paying attention to local priorities and needs [7-10].

Conceptually, local management is conceived as the implementation of policy and in the sense of practical affairs or by considering the implementation stage and some specific features beyond management in its general sense [11-15].

Local Materials and Construction Methods 

Rural settlements with a population of less than 100 people are called small villages. Villages are often under financial constraints due to the lack of a sufficient population and the lack of a village headman in the villages. Rural management most villages with small populations and dispersion always exist with financial constraints. However, due to the importance of designing settlements and lifestyles, providing rural services, and compensating for deprivations, the rules of explanation have to some extent become images that management in these villages is required to take into account the characteristics and challenges ahead in managing the villages of the province, 2015 Demographic challenges include aging, low literacy, low levels of general education, low levels of lifestyle and practical settlements, and lack of tendency to stay in villages to improve lifestyle.

Considering the importance and advantage of systematic review for previous research studies, this article attempted to use this method to determine the factors affecting the presentation of the local management model, identifying the process and related components. The work of identifying and systematically reviewing the data has a regular structure that is consistent with the research topic. The information was obtained by searching  for the words "village management and development", "building methods using native materials", and "virtual space" in Latin and Persian in the reputable databases WOS, SID, Irandoc, and Magiran [16-20]. The most up-to-date study documentation was limited to the period 2000-2025, and internal study databases from 2001-2025 were considered.

Finally, non-English languages were excluded from the search. In the initial search based on the keyword80 study titles were identified, duplicate articles were removed and 40 articles were selected, and at this stage, the titles and abstracts of the articles were considered and selected. The excluded and selected items were 40 items. This review list includes 20 internal studies and 20 external studies.

The present study was conducted in three stages: identification and determination, screening, and analysis. Information collection, evaluation, and analysis were conducted in three stages. In the research phase, 20 internal and 20 external sources were studied and reviewed in the analysis of information extracted from articles in the period 2000-2025, 2001-2025, processed, analyzed and interpreted.

In response to the first research question, a bibliographic analysis was conducted from various aspects, geographical distribution, method, and subject matter. In response to the second question, a keyword analysis was conducted to identify the conceptual areas of rural management and development. Based on the studies in the evaluation period, 4 studies were examined in the period from 2000 to 2025, and they were geographically distributed in the villages of Asia, Europe, and Iran, which were 20, 10, and 10, respectively.

The methods used in the research were questionnaires, interviews, and documentary research methods, secondary statistical analysis, and future research. In domestic studies, the quantitative method has been used more. Of the 40 evaluation studies, 10 were examined on rural management issues, 10 on construction methods and styles, 10 on rural management and development challenges, and 10 on information and communication networks. The challenges ahead in the style of  rural settlements stem from the management and development of villages, according to the review of sources related to the subject of study, and the needs. The method and style of building rural settlements has challenges such as lack of rural unit management, decentralization, lack of village affairs for residents, lack of village headmen, improper distribution of input resources, high cost of services to villages and shortage of citizens, lack of trust in local units (villages), weak government capital, The lack of specific and individual characteristics in settlements, the lack of credibility in rural settlements, facilities, the lack of use of modern methods of management and  development of villages as one of the basic components for the development of villages, with the geographical diversity of the  country, the existence of severe differences in rural areas, are necessary in this regard. 

The criterion of flexibility in the management and development of villages was considered in the construction materials and style. Effective and sustainable management of rural settlements has challenges. Environmental, structural and economic, and this generally affects the quality of life of the villagers. Long distances between villages, lack of access to proper roads, financial resources to guide the population and insufficient authority for the village head, drought, climate change, rural areas, weak public participation, changing lifestyles and values, cultural poverty, environmental degradation. In general, the components identified in this research are consistent with the findings of domestic and foreign studies. However, by providing more comprehensive technology and emphasizing the specific characteristics of each settlement and the use of modern technologies, these differences are indicative. While previous studies have addressed the general challenges of lack of financial resources, this study has been conducted with  the specific needs of indigenous materials and research.

The building style suggests more solutions such as changing and clarifying appropriate rules, strengthening capital and credit, and compensating for government shortcomings. It is necessary to pay attention to rural spaces in a unified whole. The management of built villages, and numerous factors are interrelated, should support rural policymakers in using construction management methods and paying attention to and avoiding shortcomings and weaknesses in this area.

These studies are distinguished from previous studies by presenting a comprehensive region that encompasses all environmental and economic structures, and in particular by emphasizing the information system and the use of modern technologies in this study, which has more colour with villagers, rural and local institutions to implement the components of this study.

In general, based on the review of the system conducted in the research, the factors of management and development of villages are carried out through the council and village institutions, with the challenges resulting from the research, de-investigation, and lack of unit management. The research is based on the role of virtual networks in terms of credibility with  

sufficient and appropriate authorities, the type of materials and local construction methods to carry out, while this research considers rural-urban comparisons, which show inefficiency in a unit and their weaknesses. In terms of finance, research has identified financial resources, inappropriate distribution of resources, service costs as challenges, and villages are dependent on the government budget. And they do not have independent financial resources.

The proposal of this study is that by creating diverse sources of income, tourism, rural ecotourism, and transformation  

industries are implemented in the type and method of construction and rural habitat, and the resources are proportionate due to the unfairness of the methods of the authorities and the lack of partic And strengthening and training, even in person and virtually, the ability of rural residents to participate in quality and promote motivation for the country's producers and producers on new technologies such as vehicles and communications, and allocating it to rural are aspiration in changing the lifestyle, increasing the quality of rural buildings is evident in this study.

The efficiency of village management and development improves. In this research, the economic opportunity and empowerment of village residents continues. The degradation of natural resources has threatened the bio-climate. Drought poses a serious threat to rural sustainability of villages. That sustainable management and stored energy, the construction of dams in all villages, find weaknesses. Increasing the powers of local institutions, developing revenue sources, public participation, and improving the quality of life in settlements are needed.

These features are prominent. The present study indicates that the implementation of research proposals can reduce the gap between the current situation and the management and development of villages and promote the development of local settlements.

Local development with community participation helps to add value to agricultural products and improve the rural economy. Strengthening local councils and cooperatives increases the active participation of villagers and improves trust in local institutions. Community-based management programs in renewable resources (forests, pastures) play a management role in a sustainable environment. Participatory projects in the implementation of rural guidance plans with the direct cooperation of villagers have become sustainable for the development of Kabul.

The management and development of villages by institutionalizing participation and management among the people creates coordination at the management level (structural and functional). Which is achieved through coordination between village institutions, councils, and stakeholder participation in the management of financial resources. The participatory credit fund distributes financial resources fairly and increases the cooperation of villagers. Institutionalization, cooperation of indigenous people in the village, management of the village community, increasing self-confidence and a sense of responsibility as important consequences and development of villages. By promoting cooperation and assistance among villagers, villages, and higher levels of the population, sustainable development is achieved in various dimensions. This practice ensures a sense of ownership and responsibility in  the rural community and sustainability in rural settlements.

The purpose of this research is to review the relevant resource system and effective factors in the management and development of villages, considering the type and method of building materials in the period from 2000 to 2025. 40 relevant studies from reputable domestic and foreign databases were reviewed.

The findings of this study indicated the need to address this issue with the aforementioned components, which eliminates the challenges of several villages in the face of these challenges: lack of infrastructure, lack of credibility, weakness of local and indigenous institutions, lack of financial resources, rural areas, people's weakness, and changing lifestyles. Environmental degradation These problems directly affect the quality of life of rural residents, resource productivity, sustainable development of rural areas, and the lifestyle and quality of residential life.The results of this study showed that rural management and development are able to It helps improve the quality of life, increase productivity, reduce migration, preserve the environment, develop sustainably, preserve settlements, and transform villages into ecotourism and tourism units.

• Creating training workshops and participatory programs improves the sense of ownership and responsibility and increases active participation and collaboration in decisions.
• Allocation of necessary road infrastructure and communication facilities by the government will reduce deprivation and promote rural development and prosperity.

Development of rural tourism, processing industries, local cooperatives prevents rural migration.

• Increasing the authority and capacity of village heads by training and providing financial resources will improve the efficiency of village management.
• Utilization of information and communication technology (such as cyberspace information system) will improve access to markets and services and make village management and development more efficient.

These suggestions are presented as practical ways for policymakers and planners in the rural area to be able to design and implement plans for rural management and evaluation and to replace shortcomings. It is suggested Leading-edge research is being conducted to improve operational methods and localize the management of materials and rural construction, followed by the management and development of villages. This research can be used as a basis for upstream studies and policy-making to be targeted in sustainable development.

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