Although the rural environment is considered as a center of growth and development and development of rural culture, it is faced with many problems and on the other hand, it is not possible to predict the future of the settlement of people in the rural environment. But it is the cities that will be the safe havens for growing lives, transforming the rural environment into a safe haven for people and employing the people needed, which requires investigation, and researchers believe that this change  

is not sufficient without evaluation. And many rural settlements are in unsafe conditions and the environment is also unsafe, and the employment of people and individuals in the native environment can also be considered a threat to their future.

On the other hand, the rural environment does not have a suitable infrastructure for harvesting the resources received and migration to cities have drastically altered the natural environment, disrupting ecosystems through changes in land-use patterns, habitat destruction, and fluctuations in energy and material flows.

It is suggested to provide a comprehensive review of the summary and classification of these resources. The aim of the present study is to explain what and how the rural environment is transformed by employing individuals and implementing government policies in this field, using a systematic review method.

Thus, the present study attempts to answer the following questions:

• How and based on what characteristics are the factors for transforming the rural environment in order to employ people and create jobs in it analyzed?
• What are the effects of transforming the rural environment for employing people in research?

In other words, the definition of the structure of the rural environment has been different in different periods. The transformation of the rural environment as a safe place for the environment has been a common practice.

However, it does not follow a single and coherent pattern. In  general, the process of transforming the rural environment into work can be defined as follows: 1. A process that is defined based on laws in each period of time. 2. A process in which a rural environment is recognized as a desirable system based on the definition of climate, facilities, and appropriate conditions. 

With the various entities mentioned, the government has a role in the process of this change.

The aim of the present study is to investigate what and how the rural environment is transformed into work. To achieve this goal, a systematic review method was used. A systematic review is a review of the literature on a specific topic that uses specific methods to search for and critically evaluate individual studies to find valid and applicable evidence.

By identifying gaps in current research, a field for new research activities is provided. Therefore, in the present study, a wide range of studies related to the topic was reviewed in order to obtain considerations related to the process of rural environmental transformation.

The research in question has been examined in two categories: changing the rural environment and transforming the environment into a workplace. The main drivers of transforming the structure of the rural environment, the effects of transforming the rural habitat into a workplace, and the indicators of the trend of using the rural environment and transforming it into a desirable employment system were studied.

By searching the internet in Persian and non-Persian databases including Normags, Magiran, Web of Science, Scopus, using the key concept of transforming the rural environment into a desirable one, the work was collected in relation to the system.

In the next step, topics related to changing the rural environment were studied. And by identifying specific words, changes that may streamline the process of transforming the village into a suitable system for employing people, for this purpose, by studying the articles obtained in the first stage, keywords and terms related to environmental changes to the workplace are also created.

Table 1: Keywords and Terms Related to Environmental.

In the next step, considering the process of transforming the rural environment into a desirable system, a combined search is performed using the related terms in Table 1 and the Boolean operation, or in this way, the characteristics of the studies extracted from each index of the duplicate study in each category are eliminated. 

The abstract and results of each study were reviewed for relevance to the present study, and at the end, 40 articles were included in the final list of studies for more detailed review.

In this section, the characteristics of the sources obtained from the search results in various domestic and foreign databases were categorized. Information such as the type of research paradigm, the field of specialized researchers, the names of the publications, the time and place of the case study, the theoretical foundations, and attention to the theoretical background related to each research were included.

Various theories related to these factors, survey results, and indicators and indices used in each study were conducted, and finally, this information was used to briefly complete the background map related to the research topic. The Persian studies reviewed were 8, 6, and 20 cases, while the English-language studies were 20 cases.

This shows that the process of employing people in the structure of the rural environment has always been of interest to researchers in various fields.

Table 2: Employing People Researchers in Various Fields.

An examination of the sufficiency of the theoretical foundations described in each study in terms of quality and coherence of the content showed that 40 studies were conducted, and 30 studies had strong theoretical foundations.

These studies had coherent theoretical foundations and used first-hand sources. For the article by [1] and [2] and [3], they are among the most cited Persian studies on the transformation of rural environments into settlements. In contrast, 10 studies have weak theoretical foundations that indicate weak importance.

Regarding the research background, the findings showed that more studies were included in the text without a brief reference to the background of the subject in question. And about 20 studies used a quantitative research system and 10 studies used a mixed system (quantitative, qualitative). The results of this section show the dominance of quantitative research in this field [3-5].

The research conducted can be divided into two categories: internal and external. The difference in population density, stable environment, water, and weather factors are what have  made it possible for people to be attracted to villages and settle down [6,7]. In order to respond to the studies of the present research, about 5 general categories of concepts including theories related to the process of transforming the rural environment into a desirable system for people to work, factors on this process, this process led to the examination of the transformation of the rural environment into a desirable system for people to work and indicators of use and analysis of the results obtained [8].

The types of theories related to the process of transforming the ecological structure of villages into the best form for people's work were divided into theories related to planning and development and theories related to improving management [9-11]. Foreign capital, existing markets, foreign innovations and developed And theories related to the process of transforming the environment into a workplace are related to management promotion theories that include centralization, good governance, good local institutions, decentralization (responsibility for central government functions is transferred to local government), and multi-level (delegating powers to autonomous and local agencies and non-governmental organizations) [12].

Like the village councils, local institutions are part of the government structure that are responsible for handling local affairs, which have little impact and their influence is limited to a micro-geographical area [13-14]. 

The results of a review of selected studies indicate that the factors of population and structure, environmental knowledge, and geography play a role in changing the structure of the rural environment to a desirable system of employing people. In geographical order, the categories of natural factors, population, and structure of environmental knowledge are also planning factors [15-17].

In the population factor and the rate of population growth, the population structure and population structure, the population of the surrounding settlements play a fundamental role. In the environmental and geographical knowledge dimension, the price of land, dependence on the village of the city, and income from land are important factors [18].

In addition, infrastructure facilities such as water and electricity in villages, housing construction in the environment, ecotourism and tourism, and people's attitude towards life in villages compared to the city are evaluated on those lands.

In studies that were included in the category of factors for changing the structure of the rural environment to a suitable system of employing people and its effects, these characteristics include residential, environmental, administrative-political, etc.

The present study has conducted a systematic review of the literature related to transforming the rural environment into a desirable system of employment with the aim of examining the nature and nature of this process, as well as various theories related to this research, research conducted, factors affecting this change, effects, and criteria used in analyzing this process. 

A review of studies showed that the process of transforming the structure of villages into a desirable system of employing people has been analyzed in the context of conditions related to geographical and environmental conditions, and most researchers who have thought about this issue.

Based on a systematic review of the research conducted, three main factors, including natural, political, administrative, and institutional factors, have been identified in changing the structure of the rural environment to a desirable system for employing people, and the effects of this change on the structure of the rural settlement system have been sustainable, environmental, administrative, and consequential.

Also, the study showed that most of the research in this field has been conducted with a quantitative perspective, with qualitative research taking up a negligible share.

In addition, in the research conducted on transforming the rural environment into a desirable system of employing people, there is a lack of qualitative and quantitative research related to the components of people's sense of belonging to the environment and belonging to rural settlements.

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