Investigation of Anopheles Mosquito Species, Potential Vectors and Susceptibility of Anopheles Mosquitoes in Gold Mine Areas of Shwe Kyin and Bee Lin Townships in Myanmar

Mya MM, Thaung S, Oo SZM, Hein ZM and Maung YNM

Published on: 2022-11-10

Abstract

The study on vector bionomics and susceptibility of Anopheles mosquito vectors for malaria was studied at Gold mine areas of Aukminzaung village in Shwe Kyin Township Bago Region and Kyauklonegyi village Bee Lin Township Mon State in 2018. Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from fixed mosquito catching stations using animal baited Kanda net(K-net), Light traps indoor and outdoor collection. Mosquitoes were caught with WHO sucking tube from 18:00hour to 06:00 hour of the next morning. Larval survey was conducted in and around three Kilo meters from the study village. Susceptibility of collected mosquitoes was measured using WHO test kits. Vector incrimination study was done by ELISA test for conforming potential vectors. Malaria prevalence rate was found 38(10.35%) in Aukminzaung village and 29(8.82%) in Kyauklonegyi village and P. falciparum infection was high in both areas (i.e. 21(55.26%) and 18(62.07%).  A total of 928 and 329 Anopheles mosquitoes belonging to 7 and 6 species were collected from both Aukminzaung and Kyauklonegyi villages. The major vector An. minimus A (n=84 and 30) and secondary vectors An. maculatus (n=106 and 52), An. vagus (n=153 and 66), An. philippinensis (152 and 20), An. jamesii (n=131 and 83) were collected in both villages. Main vector An. minimus was collected higher (n=4.5 and 1.5/ person) respectively in 21:00-22:00 hour in biting outdoor collection in both villages. All total of 169 and 167 water holding places (water wells, rice fields, water pools, creeks and footprint etc.) were searched for larval positivity and found that 105(62.13%) and 94(56.29%) of the water holding places were positive with Anopheles larvae in both areas. High number of An. minimus larvae were collected in water pools, water wells rice field and An. vagus larvae were collected in foot prints in the villages. Anopheles minimus and An. maculatus mosquitoes were found sporozoites positive and susceptible to WHO recommended Deltamethrin 0.05%, Permethrin 0.75%, and Cyfuthrin 0.15% impregnated paper. Proper treatment of malaria patients and effective vector control measure is needed to eliminate the malaria endemicity in both areas.