The famous cosmologist S.W. Hawking believed [1] that further increase in pollution of the Earth's atmosphere with particles of industrial and municipal waste will inevitably cause a further increase in atmospheric temperature to a level exceeding the survival of its population. In 2016, he stated that over the past five years, pollution of the Earth's atmosphere has increased by 8%. Billions of tons of different waste contaminate the air, land, surface water and groundwater of every country in the world. The infamous technological catastrophes are constant in different scales in different parts of the world, most famous among them as the rupture of the aluminum ore sludge in Hungary (2010) and iron ore in Brazil (2015, 2019). They happen frequently and on an increasingly high scale with greater numbers of victims and economic loss.

This threat can only be eliminated by the industrial application of known methods for the disposal of all types of waste with high environmental and economic efficiency.

In order to assist enterprises in addressing their environmental problems V. Mymrin for more than 60 years developed new methods (compositions and technologies) of near 90 types of industrial and municipal utilization as raw materials for the production of new sustainable mainly construction materials, such as concretes without Portland cement, ceramics, glass ceramics, refractory materials, plaster, thermal and sound insulator, new types of fuel with high calorific value, the materials of the roads and airports bases, municipal and industrial waste dumps, hard core of dams, etc. As a result of industrial and field tests, conducted in different regions, including Siberia and the North of the former USSR, methods of the roads base construction were included in the norms of the country, and are widely used in construction practice. Currently the author carries out projects in Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR, Curitiba of Brazil) for branches of international companies like Renault, Volvo, VALE, BOSCH, Odebrecht, Petrobras in Brazil for the use of their hazardous industrial waste to produce new sustainable and economically attractive mainly materials. 

All results of the conducted studies convincingly show that industrial and municipal wastes and rejects are not garbage, but are the raw materials of high economic and environment values.

• Assistance to industrial enterprises to solve their environmental problems
• Develop new methods with maximum percentage content of industrial and municipal wastes
• Develop methods for the transfer of heavy metals of wastes in practically insoluble environmentally clean new formations, much below of the national standards demands.
• Studying of physical and chemical processes of structure formation of new materials to enable control of their properties
• To develop new or adapt existing technologies of new materials production
• Develop materials and technologies of its productions with a very high economic efficiency.

Numerical Correspondence of the Developed Materials

For each listed waste, there is a numerical correspondence with the indication of the final developed products. Based on these researches, the methods of production of the following materials were developed:

• Conventional ceramics
• Refractory ceramics
• New composites of building materials with high strengths (bricks, boards, blocks, etc.) without preliminary drying, without heating and without Portland cement
• Bonding materials (Portland or lime cement type) for the production of road bases, airports, municipal and industrial landfill bases, dam core, etc.
• Thermal and acoustic insulation
• New types of fuel with high calorific value
• Compositions with plastics
• Decorative materials

To date, the methods use the following types of industrial wastes:

Industrial Waste Produced

Metallurgical Wastes:

• All types of ferrous slag as binders (blast-furnace, Martin, converter, electric-steel, etc.)
• All types of slags of non-ferrous metallurgy (Ni, Al, Cu, Zn, etc.)
• Electric-ark filter dust (EAFD) - 1, 3, 8
• Dust of non-ferrous metals (Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr, V, Fé, etc.) - 1, 3, 8
• Heavy metal sludge - 1, 3, 8

Machin Production Wastes            

• Residues generated from the processes of the automobile industries: alkaline liquids, dust, pastes - 1, 2, 3
• Foundry sands and slags - 1, 2, 3
• Galvanic processes sludge - 1, 2
• Acid battery neutralizing salts - 1
• Wet and oily rejects of the grinder - 1
• Rejected diatomite with high oil contamination and with galvanic slurry -1
• Aluminum anodizing slurry - 1, 2, 3
• Alkaline liquid aluminum anodizing waste - 1, 2, 3
• Slags from the lead recovery process of automotive batteries - 1
• Printed circuit manufacturing sludge - 1

Municipal Wastes

• Sludge of municipal sanitation stations - 6
• Ash of sludge burning of municipal sanitation stations - 3, 4
• Sewage sludge of municipal water treatment plant without burning and without
• Portland cement - 1, 3
• Sea-water desalination sludge - 1
• Sludge dredging of sediments of ports and rivers without burning and without Portland cement - 3
• Ashes and slag from municipal wastes incinerators - 1, 2, 3
• Municipal garbage gasification ashes - 1, 3
• Residual sludge from laundries - 1, 3
• Tannery rejects - 1, 2
• Slurry sludge from municipal landfills - 1, 2
• Soil mixed with municipal landfills slurry - 1, 2
• Ash of municipal landfill slurry burning - 1, 2, 3

Construction and Demolition Wastes:

• Lime-producing wastes
• Cement plant waste - 3
• Construction and demolition debris - 3
• Rejection of production and use of mortars - 3
• Concrete waste - 3
• MDF-3 production sludge
• Glass waste (blasting dust, glass shreds, electric glass insulators and others) - 1
• Porcelain waste (tableware, porcelain electrical insulators, etc.) - 3
• Portland cement and asbestos cement tiles (Eternite) - 1, 2, 3.

Pulp, Paper and Cardboard Industry Wastes:

• Cellulose production slurry - 1, 3
• Ash and Lime sludge from paper production - 1, 3
• Sludge of different types of paper ink - 1, 2, 3
• Rejected sludge from cardboard production and reuse - 1, 2, 6
• Paper production sludge - 3
• Toner dust waste - 1

The Ore Mining and Processing Industry Wastes:

• Residual soils from mine roofs, clayey soils, etc. - 1, 3
• Dredging sludge from canals and sea ports - 3
• Rock waste with high heavy metal content - 1, 2
• Rejects of cutting, crushing, sifting and the remains of natural rocks (granite, marble, slate, serpentinite, etc.) - 3
• ??Weathered rocks of mines - 3
• Rejects of extraction of minerals (gold, diamonds, etc.) - 3
• Mineral pickling soil - 3
• Purification sludge from mines with high salt and mineral contents - 1, 3
• Sawdust and wood shavings - 6, 7
• Cuts and powder of asbestos rocks - 1, 2, 3
• Acidic waste from Jarosite - 1
• "Alkaline red clay" of Bauxite from the Amazon and Spain - 1, 2, 3
• Aluminum anodizing slurry - 1, 3
• Liquid waste from the of aluminum production (Spain) - 3
• Hydrated gypsum waste - 3, 8
• Phosphorus-gypsum waste - 3, 8
• Fine and ultrafine mineral coal powder - 6
• Charcoal powder - 6
• Iron ore tailing materials - 1, 3
• Overburden soils of various fields - 1, 3

Petrochemicals Wastes

• Oily waste (as oily sludge) - 6
• Liquid alkaline wastes from the petrochemical industry - 3
• Rejections of catalysts of petroleum refineries - 1, 2
• Oil spilled on soils - 6
• Fine refuse of oil shale - 6
• Burning ash from spilled oil soils - 1, 3

Energy Production Wastes

• ETA and ETE sludge from thermoelectric power plants - 1, 3
• Ash of Oily Shale - 1, 3
• Mix of ash with poorly burned wood - 6
• Ash from wood burning, bituminous shale, coal, etc. - 1, 3
• Waste from the rectification process of metal-mechanical industries - 1
• Boiler cleaning carbonates sludge from Thermoelectric Power Plants - 3
• Ashes from the gasification processes of organic materials - 6

Chemical Industry Wastes

• Sludge from chemical industries: pastes, powders, alkaline liquid effluents - 1, 3
• Rejects of rigid polyurethane foam from refrigerators, freezers, etc. -5
• Extrusion of aluminum sulphate - 1, 2
• Rejected production of soda ash - 3
• Industrial sludge from of different chemical production - 1, 2
• Sludge of phosphoric fertilizers and nitrogen production - 3
• Detergent production sludge - 3
• Sludge for the production of cosmetics and perfumery (shampoos, conditioners, soaps, lipsticks, deodorants, beauty and depilatory creams, toothpastes, sun blockers, skin protectors against insects, etc.) - 3
• Ethanol alcohol production catalyst sludge -1

Agrarian Complex

• Ash of husks and stems burning (coffee, rice and other cereals, coffee, sugar cane, etc.- 1, 2, 3
• Animal waste after methane emission - 6
• Ash after animal wastes incineration - 6
• Non-certified coffee - 6.

his experience greatly facilitated the development of other wastes utilization methods. The advantages of the development materials from industrial and municipal wastes in comparison with natural materials are the next:

• The values of metals leaching and solubility from all developed materials are well below the requirements of Brazilian national sanitary standards;
• A low cost of industrial waste or extra payment of wastes producers and simple technology ensures high economic efficiency of the developed materials production.

Environment Protection

• Wide use of these results leads to total disappearance of industrial and municipal wastes dumps.
• The binding of heavy metals to levels acceptable by international health regulations.

• Reduction of tax payments by enterprises and environmental fines.
• Low or negative cost of raw materials (industrial wastes) and extra payment of wastes producer’s guarantees cost savings the final product and increase the profits of the enterprise.
• Cost reduction creates the opportunity to reduce prices in the market and increase
• Competitiveness of the enterprise.

Social

• Production of new materials causes the creation of new enterprises and jobs.
• Cleaning of existing industrial and municipal waste dumps improves the quality of life of the local population.

Education

• Preparation of a new generation of researchers and engineers to continue work on the waste utilization.
• Enhancing environmental education by means of courses, lectures, presentations and other forms of dissemination of knowledge in the field of environment protection.
• On the basis of the research the author developed and taught a course "Materials from industrial and municipal wastes" for Master's and Doctoral students of the Federal Technological University and the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.

Industrial and municipal wastes and rejects are not garbage, but are the raw materials of high economic and environment value.