Metformin as First-Line Agent for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) with Various Beneficial Aspect

Bando H

Published on: 2024-05-15

Abstract

Metformin was historically made from guanidine, and has been a first-line agent for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Imeglimin (Twymeeg) was recently developed with a similar molecular structure. In 1998, the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) reported the clinical effect of metformin on reducing cardiovascular risk. For the control of blood glucose, hepatic glucose production (HGP) is important. A gut-brain-liver axis, through gastrointestinal nutrition and hormonal induction, has been identified for HGP suppression. Metformin has multiple action points for the lung, cardiovascular system, liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and cancer. In the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) study, metformin showed an effect on impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) patients.