Role of Bael Aegle marmelos Correa Family Rutaceae in Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress

Jagetia GC

Published on: 2024-12-19

Abstract

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high glucose in the blood and is due to dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Diabetes stands at the 9th position in disease related mortality. Diabetes is increasing worldwide due to changes in the lifestyle. Natural products have been crucial in modern drug development and played a seminal role in human healthcare since the advent of human history. Bilwa patra or Bael (Aegle marmelos Corrêa) has been used ethnomedicinally in the treatment of chronic dysentery, diarrhea, diabetes, constipation, catarrh, gonorrhea, deafness, intermittent fever, inflammations, melancholia, ulcerated intestinal mucosa, and heart palpitation. This review on the antioxidative and antidiabetic action of Bael in experimental and clinical conditions has been written by collecting information from Google, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, and various published material from other sources. Bael synthesizes various secondary metabolites including alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, lignins, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. The scientific investigation has indicated that Bael reduces increased blood glucose. Bael increases catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase and alleviates cholesterol and lipid peroxidation. Bael elevates PPAR-γ and suppresses NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-I, COX-II, Hsp70, HIF-1α, PI3K/AKT, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-1β, MIP-1α, STAT-3, AKT, tyrosinase, and galectin-3 at the molecular level. Bael also upregulate PI3K, IL-2, JAK-STAT3, and DT-diaphorase.