Proposed Concept and Methodology

Albert Einstein intellectualizes, “We are slowed down sound and light waves, a walking bundle of frequencies tuned into the cosmos. We are souls dressed up in sacred biochemical garments and our bodies are the instruments through which our souls play their music.”
The endeavor to unveil the magical phenomenon of the cosmos, the creation of stars, concepts of the black hole, dark matter, antimatter and dark energy remains an ever-lasting scientific dream for mankind.

The idea of ‘Space Tectonics’ analogous to that of the ‘Plate Tectonics’ of the earth through geological time has been conceptualized. The origin of the earth, crustal solidification, creation of lithospheric plates and their subterranean dynamics lead to the understanding of plate movements. The phenomena of relative plate movement have been persistent for 3.4 billion years at varying scales. The prevalence of the earth’s magnetic field is one of the major reasons for plate tectonics. The congregated landscape of landmass, widely known as Pangea, was in existence during the early Permian (299-273 million years ago). Through the geological ages, the plate movements resulted in the break-up of continents and the creation of mountains and oceans thus manifesting the present morphological expressions. The phenomenon has resulted in climate changes and thus facilitated the evolution of life on the earth. The plate tectonic has a great influence on the mineralization process through rock assemblages including the origin of hydrocarbons and distributions through geological time on earth and possibly on Mars [1] and elsewhere.

Plate tectonics witness the early thermo-chemical process of the creation of the earth, cooling and solidification, subsequent plate-breakups from the unified mass, plate moment under gravitational force over the upper mantle and reunification of the plates in the geological time. It may be noted that the heat generated due to the radioactive processes causes convection in the planet's interior (mantle) and enables the driving of the continental plates resulting in rifting (diverging, splitting apart of the tectonic plate), drifting and  collision (converge) of plates and  consumption of the part of landmass leading to the manifestation of earth’s landscape. A similar phenomenon related to cold accretion, interstellar gas for the formation of stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and subsequent explosion or collapse of stars (supernova) under force gravity, continues to evolve the cosmic landscape (Figure 1).

Figure 1: The Cosmic Cliffs in the Carina Nebula captured by the Webb Telescope (Source: NASA, 2022).

The established mechanism of plate tectonics and the evolution of the landscape on the earth have been closely envisaged in the domain of cosmic space. The James Webb Space Telescope has recently revealed many interesting and spectacular cosmic images [2] and refined our perceptions about the cosmos. The cosmic explosion, galactic collision and destruction, gravitational pull, formation of stars (protester accretion disc), consumption of matter, and destruction might follow a pattern analogous to that of plate tectonics with the principle of force distribution on a defined cosmic time cycle or cosmic epoch. Identically, the collapse of stars in supernova explosion forms larger black holes and generates gravitational waves akin to that of seismic waves when plates collide giving rise to earthquakes and volcanoes.

There existed a unified landmass like ‘Pangea’ on earth during Permian time. Later the onset of plate tectonics and the moment of plates occurred manifesting the present morphology of the earth. It is estimated that through geological ages in the future, the plates will again congregate into a unified landmass akin to Pangea. The repetition of plate assemblages, drifting and spread, and again re-assemblage of new earth in geological time has been an interesting phenomenon.

Let us correlate and envisage an identical cycle for the universe. The cosmic evolution timeline initiates at the magical Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago as a gravitational singularity [3]. Before the Big Bang, there might be an identical cycle of existence of the universe, and later collapsed to a single point of infinity density and temperature. The collision of galaxies results in black holes under the gravity pull leading to the event of possible unified singularity (law of ‘Singularity’). This can be corroborated by the Vedic concept of the ‘Primordial egg’ of the origin of the universe.  This further resulted in cosmological inflation, cooling and expansion of a new universe through cosmic time. Subsequently, the accumulated dark energy (repulsive pressure akin to the opposite of gravity pull) might facilitate the repetition of expansion [4] as evidenced by Redshift occurrence and emergence of a new universe through cosmic acceleration and galactic dynamics.

Table1: A broad comparison of the fundamental tectonics on the geological scale on earth and cosmic scale in the universe leading to the envisaged repetition of cycles through time.

Interestingly, ‘Space tectonics may help in visualizing the pattern of celestial anecdotes with time (expansion and collapse) identical to the way we visualize the manifestation of earth’s morphology following a cyclical model (congregation, splitting and again congregation) through geological time. Probably a similar phenomenon might be in dynamics leading to repetition of expansion, cessation and again re-emergence of a new universe, thus manifesting an envisaged repetitive Big Bang event.  Like the existence of the  Pangea landmass and the future re-emergence of Pangea,  possibly the universe might have existed before the Big Bang, and the phenomenon may happen again with the renewed Big Bang giving birth to a new universe (Table.1).

Recently the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has discovered magical entities based on infrared astronomy. It is envisaged that there must be a systematic process in operation for the interpretation of the cosmic dance in the line of ‘Plate Tectonics’.

It is estimated that dark matter constitutes around 27% and dark energy amounts to 68% of the contents of the universe. Theoretically, dark matter pulls galaxies together whereas the dark energy essentially accelerates facilitating the expansion of the universe. An estimate of the ratio of dark matter to the dark energy during the cosmic time would give a clue about the possible repetitive cycle. Probably a similar phenomenon analogous to plate tectonics might be in dynamics leading to repetition of expansion, cessation and again re-emergence of a new universe.

We can accomplish the exploration of cosmos consciousness through space and time. The concept of ‘Space Tectonics’ will usher in a holistic manifestation of Process-response cosmic dynamics and its repetitive evolution of a new universe through the next cycle of the Big Bang through cosmic epochs.

1. Padhy P K. Presence of Hydrocarbons on Mars: A Possibility, Environmental Geosciences (DEG), American Association of Petroleum Geologists. 2021; 28: 43-52.
2. Witze A. Four revelations from the Webb telescope about distant galaxies, Nature. 2022; 608: 18-19.
3. Hawking S W, Penrose R. The singularities of gravitational collapse and cosmology, Roy. Soc. Lond. 1970; 314: 529-548.
4. Penrose R. Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe, Bodley Head. 2010; 2: 320.