Phytosterols: Clinical Evidence in Dyslipidaemia and Cardiovascular Health – A Mini Review

Hirjau A.-C.

Published on: 2025-07-02

Abstract

Phytosterols, plant compounds structurally similar to cholesterol, are widely used in functional foods for lipid management. They effectively lower cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal absorption and promoting efflux. Clinical evidence consistently shows that a daily intake of 2 grams reduces LDL-C by approximately 10%, with a favorable safety profile, even in statin-treated patients. Beyond lipid modification, research suggests emerging roles in inflammation, metabolic health, and potentially anticancer effects. While a valuable dietary strategy for dyslipidaemia, large-scale, long-term trials are still needed to definitively establish their direct impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Some long-term safety aspects, particularly concerning elevated circulating levels and atherosclerosis, also warrant further investigation. Overall, phytosterols demonstrate significant, multifaceted potential in promoting overall cardiometabolic health.