Abstract

Sites in the alveolus where hopeless teeth are extracted typically show loss of bone of up to 50% within the first twelve months following tooth extraction if no bone grafting is performed with the extraction. The resulting bone loss occurs in both a horizontal and vertical direction. Procedures that preserve the alveolar ridge dimensions at time of extraction or that help increase bone in a horizontal and vertical dimension after extraction are called Socket preservation and Ridge augmentation procedures respectively. The goal of bone augmentation is to minimize amount of ridge loss that can occur in an extraction site, and also to allow adequate bone dimensions in an edentulous site for dental implant placement. Ridge augmentation relies on the concept of Guided bone regeneration (GBR) which involves the use of bone grafts or bone substitutes combined with membrane barriers that allow preselect ion of bone cells and exclusion of other cell types in the edentulous site. The goal of this seminar is to review the latest bone grafting materials including types of particulate and block bone grafts and bone substitutes as well as bioactive materials on guided bone regeneration as well as the impact of growth factors such as platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), enamel matrix proteins and Platelet rich plasma in ability to impact guided bone regeneration.

Keywords

Bone Regeneration