Review on Disease Ecology

Regassa T and Rebuma T

Published on: 2024-07-19

Abstract

Disease ecology investigates how host behaviors, ecological factors, and pathogen biology interact to shape disease dynamics in human and animal populations. Wildlife, a significant source of novel pathogens, poses threats to biodiversity and public health due to high virulence and host susceptibility. Recent outbreaks like influenza and SARS underscore the urgency of understanding these dynamics. Host behaviors crucially influence pathogen transmission, while eco-evolutionary feedback and social interactions further shape disease spread. This review highlights the complexities of disease ecology, focusing on genetic diversity, biotic and abiotic influences, co-infections, and multi-host interactions. It synthesizes current understanding and identifies research gaps, emphasizing the need for advanced ecological models to mitigate emerging infectious diseases effectively.