How to Optimize Sperm Retrieval Rates in Men with In Non-Obstructive azoospermia-A Short Communication

Kaur KK

Published on: 2024-05-10

Abstract

Having comprehensively reviewed earlier the etiopathogenesis, medical therapy of Secondary Hypogonadism due to Hypo gonadotropic Hypogonadism, detailed causes & treatment of genetic factors for Hypo gonadotropic Hypogonadism inclusive of patients with Klinefelters syndrome, Kallmanns syndrome, other genetic abnormalities like Kisspeptin and its receptor deficiency and other factors in addition to role of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) prior to IVF/ICSI for optimizing sperm retrieval(SR) rates, pregnancy, live birth rates and role of use of estrogen blockers (like anastrozole) in male infertility here we have concentrated on how one might further optimize SR rates in patients presenting with NOA by evaluation of the patients for biochemical hypogonadism and secondary hypogonadism from primary hypogonadism which would be pointing to pituitary deficiency or testicular deficiency respectively and further aid the Clinical practitioners in decision making for use of selective estrogen receptors modulators(SERM) in addition to human chorionic gonadotropins (HCG) for the former , whereas it would not be efficacious in primary hypogonadism unless testosterone (T) T: E2 (estradiol) ratio is aberrant (estrogen blockers like , anastrozole would be plausible therapeutic option on isolation of same.