Physical Activity Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Postpartum Women in Lusaka, Zambia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Balogun OJ, Nkhata LA, Mweshi MM and Moyo G

Published on: 2025-12-31

Abstract

Background: Physical activity during the postpartum period is crucial for maternal recovery and long-term health. However, limited data exists on postpartum exercise knowledge, attitudes, and practices in sub-Saharan African settings. This study examined physical activity knowledge, attitudes, practices, and associated factors among postpartum women in Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 postpartum women attending postnatal care at selected public health facilities in Lusaka District. Women aged 18-45 years who were 6 weeks to 6 months postpartum were consecutively sampled. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Knowledge was assessed using 15 questions (good ≥75%, moderate 50-74%, poor <50%), attitudes using a 5-point Likert scale (10 items), and practices through self-reported physical activity engagement. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with chi-square tests and logistic regression (p<0.05).

Results: The mean age of participants was 28.4±5.6 years. Only 38.6% (n=162) demonstrated good knowledge of postpartum physical activity, while 45.7% (n=192) had positive attitudes toward exercise. However, only 24.3% (n=102) engaged in regular physical activity postpartum. Mode of delivery significantly influenced exercise practice, with women who had vaginal deliveries being more likely to exercise than those who had caesarean sections (AOR=2.34, 95%CI: 1.45-3.78, p<0.001). Other significant predictors included educational level (AOR=2.87), healthcare provider counseling (AOR=3.21), good knowledge (AOR=2.15), positive attitudes (AOR=1.98), and primiparity (AOR=1.76). Major barriers included lack of time (68.3%), fatigue (62.1%), and cultural beliefs about postpartum rest (54.8%).

Conclusion: Despite moderate knowledge and attitudes, postpartum physical activity practice remains low among Zambian women. A significant knowledge-practice gap exists, influenced by mode of delivery, healthcare counseling, and cultural factors. Targeted interventions addressing identified barriers and strengthening healthcare provider counseling are needed.