Reproductive Health Challenges among Women Sanitation Workers in Rural Tamil Nadu: A Local Governance Perspective

Ranjithkumar A

Published on: 2026-04-14

Abstract

This study examines the reproductive health challenges faced by women sanitation workers in rural Tamil Nadu, focusing on Viluppuram district as a representative sample. Women sanitation workers, being among the most marginalized groups, face multiple health risks due to poor working conditions, exposure to hazardous waste, and inadequate access to healthcare services. Reproductive health issues such as menstrual hygiene management, pregnancy-related complications, and mental well-being remain largely unaddressed due to social stigma, economic barriers, and policy gaps. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with women sanitation workers, healthcare providers, and local governance representatives. The research critically analyzes the role of local governance in ensuring reproductive healthcare access and evaluates existing policies and welfare schemes. Key findings indicate that poor sanitation infrastructure, lack of menstrual hygiene awareness, absence of maternity benefits, and mental health stressors significantly impact the well-being of sanitation workers. The study highlights the gaps in policy implementation and suggests community-driven interventions, improved local governance strategies, and enhanced healthcare accessibility to improve reproductive health outcomes. This research provides policy recommendations to strengthen inclusive governance frameworks for sanitation workers' health rights, ensuring sustainable and equitable health provisions at the grassroots level.