Cardio-Reno-Protective Key Agents Such as Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRA) And Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition (ARNI)

Bando H

Published on: 2024-07-13

Abstract

On the earth, vertebrate species moved from the sea onto the land, with the evolution from fish to amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Mammals can control salt and water balance by the kidneys. The measurement of microalbumin has contributed much for the risk evaluation for future prognosis of hypertension and diabetes. Historically, several cardio-reno-protective key agents include angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and others. For the latest topic, Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition (ARNI) has been developed as the Sacubitril Valsartan Sodium Hydrate (Entresto^R, Japan).