Serum Lactate as a Biomarker of Morbimortality in Postoperative Cardiovascular Surgery

Elsenbach SE, Quadros BMED, Naila C, Rei RPR, Tolotti FP and Rui MSA

Published on: 2023-12-31

Abstract

Introduction: Serum lactate is a simple, non-invasive scoring method and is a prognostic biomarker in critically ill patients. Objectives: The present study aims to analyze blood lactate as a biomarker of morbidity and mortality in patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery, being able to improve attention, care and possible prevention of adverse events.

 Methods: The study is retrospective, descriptive, bibliographical, and documentary, carried out through the analysis of medical records of 194 individuals aged between 25 and 82 years who underwent cardiovascular surgery, attended by Hospital São Lucas in the city of Cascavel/PR in the years of 2022 and 2023. We associated serum lactate levels with a total length of stay, length of stay in the ICU, and intra or postoperative complications, thus analyzing the importance of lactate for the clinical outcome. Results: 194 medical records were analyzed to study complications occurring in patients. Based on these complications, the patients were divided into three groups: A-there were no complications and were subsequently discharged, B-they had some complications and were also discharged later, and C-they had complications that resulted in death. In group a, lactate presented an average below the limit considered high, demonstrating a decreasing trend after the procedure. In group B, a greater increase was stimulated compared to the first group, followed by a progressive decrease until high. On the other hand, in group C, lactate showed a significant increase, reaching levels considered high, with continuous growth until the patient's death. Conclusion: The analysis of the morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery revealed the influence of lactate as a clinical indicator since the results obtained from the analysis of the three groups of patients show significant differences in clinical outcomes and the trends observed concerning intercurrences.