Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to the basic, clinical and translational studies of the physiology of the Digestive System, Gastrointestinal disorders and diseases of related organs. The Journal aims to provide a platform for the exchange of scientific information addressing clinical research and practice of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

JCGHR publishes peer-reviewed original papers, reviews and editorials concerned with clinical practice and research in the fields of hepatology, gastroenterology and endoscopy. Papers cover the medical, radiological, pathological, biochemical, physiological and historical aspects of the subject areas.

This peer-reviewed journal includes original articles as well as scholarly reviews, with the goal that all articles published will be immediately relevant to the practice of the specialties of gastroenterology and hepatology.  All submitted papers are reviewed by at least two referees experts in the field of the submitted paper.

MISSION: The mission of the journal is the rapid exchange of scientific information between clinicians and scientists worldwide, seeks to publish papers reporting original clinical and scientific research which are of a high standard and which contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of gastroenterology and hepatology.

Submit your manuscript online or an e-mail: editorjcghr2018@gmail.com 

Title:   Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Abbreviation: J Clin Gastro Hepatol Res

Publication Type:   Journal

The main aim of the journal is to provide further understanding and insight into disease mechanisms and new therapies related to gastroenterology and hepatology. Topics of interest include but are not limited to the following: Gastroenterology- Endoscopy- Inflammatory bowel disease- Pancreatic disease- Celiac disease- Gastrointestinal motility- Hepatology- Hepatocellular carcinoma- Chronic hepatitis- Viral hepatitis- Cirrhosis- Liver disease- Partial Hepatectomy- Schistosomiasis- Appendicitis- Peritonitis- Colon Polyps- Constipation.

We encourage researchers, and other clinical and health professionals Worldwide to submit their manuscripts describing their original basic or clinical research findings and new diagnostic techniques to the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research.

Gastroenterology:

Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine which deals with the study of digestive system and diseases of the related organs. It involves detailed understanding of the physiology and functioning of the gastrointestinal organs. Diseases affecting gastrointestinal tract are the major focus of Gastroenterology. Hepatology is the study of liver, pancreas and biliary tract are considered as sub-specialty in this study.

Digestive system or Alimentary system:

The digestive system or alimentary system consists of accessory organs of digestion from mouth to anus along the alimentary canal and gastrointestinal tract. Digestive organs include esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum, pancreas, gallbladder, bile ducts and liver. Digestive systems’ main function is digestion and absorption of food. The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for mechanical breakdown of food into small molecules that starts in mouth and continues into stomach and chemical digestion by enzymes helps to absorb the nutrients into the body which continues in the intestines.

Hepatology:

Hepatology is the sub specialty in Gastroenterology which deals with the study, analysis, prevention and administration of ailments that influence Liver. Liver is the vital organ which plays a major role in metabolism. Liver is highly specialized and regulates a wide range of high volume biochemical reactions. Liver weighs about 1.44-1.66 kgs located at upper right quadrant of abdominal cavity and rests below diaphragm to the right of the stomach and overlies the gallbladder.

Liver diseases are also termed as hepatic disease. Most commonly found liver disease includes Hepatitis, Jaundice, Cirrhosis, Alcoholic Liver Disease, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver and Liver Abscesses. Liver disease rarely results in pain, portal hypertension and immunosuppression.

Esophageal disorders:

The esophagus also known as gullet which consists of muscular tube through which the food passes to stomach. The average length is 25 cm and varies with height. High amounts of food is passed over time in the esophagus and so it protected by a mucous membrane of epithelium and acts as a smooth surface.

Esophageal disorders are often associated with swallowing disorders where prolonged swallowing time is observed. Other disorders of Esophagus include Gastroesophageal Reflux normally called as Heartburn, Barrett’s Esophagus, Esophageal Cancer, Esophageal Motility Disorder and Esophageal Dysphagia which can prevent the food passage leading to difficulty in swallowing and can completely block the esophagus.

Stomach Diseases:

Stomach is a vital organ of the body which plays an important role in digestion. The stomach is a J shaped organ but it varies in size and connected to esophagus to its upper end and small intestine at its lower end. Gastric juice produced by the stomach plays an important role in digestion. To protect the stomach from the acid, mucus is produced which acts as a protective layer. Diseases of stomach are often caused by the infection of Helicobacter pylori such as Ulcers, Stomach Cancer and Gastritis.

Intestinal Diseases:

The lower gastrointestinal tract consists of the small intestine and large intestine. It starts with the sphincter of the stomach and ends at the anus. The cecum imparts the small and large intestine. Most of the food digestion takes part in small intestine and in the large intestine the water is absorbed and the remaining waste is stored as feces before defecation.

Generally, inflammation of the intestines is found which leads to several disease conditions such as Enterocolitis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Intestinal Ischaemia.

Rectal and Anal diseases:

The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine and is followed by the anal canal. The rectum acts as a temporary storage site for feces. The anal canal is the terminal part of the large intestine. In humans, it is approximately 2.5 to 4 cm long.

Rectal and Anal diseases may be asymptomatic or may present with pain, a feeling of incomplete emptying or pencil-thin stool and these diseases are commonly seen in elderly people.

Pancreatic Disease:

The pancreas is a glandular organ in the digestive system. It is located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach and produces many hormones as it is an endocrine gland. The pancreas secretes fluid that has enzymes, into the duodenum which helps in the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

There are a variety of disorders of the pancreas including Pancreatitis due to inflammation of the pancreas, Hereditary Pancreatitis and Pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic diseases result in abdominal pain, vomiting and nausea.

The biliary system refers to the liver, biliary tract and gall bladder. Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form a common hepatic duct. The secreted bile is stored in the gall bladder which is a small organ where the stored bile is concentrated before it is released it into the small intestine. Bile helps in the absorption of vitamin k from the diet. The hepatobiliary system affects the biliary tract to secrete bile in order to aid the digestion of fats.

Diseases of the biliary tract (gallbladder and bile ducts) are common and result in significant morbidity and mortality. Diseases such as Cholangitis and Cholecystitis are due to inflammation of bile duct and gall bladder respectively.

To undergo diagnosis for digestive disorders patient has to undergo an extensive diagnostic evaluation prior to which thorough and accurate medical history is taken and on studying the symptoms the affected individual may have to give lab tests and imaging tests.

Lab Tests

Fecal Occult Blood Test:

A fecal occult blood test looks for the hidden blood in the stool. A small amount of stool is placed on the card and checked.

Stool Culture:

A small sample of stool is collected and checked for the presence of abnormal bacteria in the digestive tract which may cause diarrhea.

Renal Function Test: Patients with reduced kidney function or renal failure undergo kidney function tests prior to imaging tests. These tests include blood creatinine test and creatinine clearance tests, blood urea test, urinalysis, urea clearance test and eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate).

Imaging Tests

Barium Meal Test: The patient eats a meal containing barium his allows the radiologist to watch the stomach as it digests the meal. The amount of time it takes for the barium meal to be digested and leave the stomach gives the healthcare provider an idea of how well the stomach is working and helps to find emptying problems that may not show up on the liquid barium X-ray.

Colorectal Transit Study:

 This test shows how well food moves through the colon. The patient swallows capsules containing small markers which are visible on X-ray. The patient follows a high-fiber diet during the course of the test. The movement of the markers through the colon is monitored with abdominal X-rays taken several times 3 to 7 days after the capsule is swallowed.

Computed Tomography Scan (CT or CAT Scan): This is an imaging test that uses X-ray and a computer to make detailed images of the bones, muscles, fat and organs.

Defecography:

 Defecography is an X-ray of the anorectal area that evaluates completeness of stool elimination, identifies anorectal abnormalities, and evaluates rectal muscle contractions and relaxation. The patient's rectum is filled with a soft paste that is the same consistency as stool. The patient then sits on a toilet positioned inside an X-ray machine and squeezes and relaxes the anus to expel the solution. The radiologist studies the X-rays to determine if anorectal problems happened while the patient was emptying the paste from the rectum.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):

 MRI is a diagnostic test that uses a combination of large magnets, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body. The patient lies on a bed that moves into the cylindrical MRI machine. The machine takes a series of pictures inside of the body using a magnetic field and radio waves. The computer enhances the pictures produced.

Ultrasound:

Ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves and a computer to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs. Ultrasounds are used to view internal organs as they function, and to assess blood flow through various vessels. Gel is applied to the area of the body being studied, such as the abdomen, and a wand called a transducer is placed on the skin. The transducer sends sound waves into the body that bounce off organs and return to the ultrasound machine, producing an image on the monitor.

Endoscopic Procedures

Colonoscopy: Colonoscopy helps to view the entire length of the large intestine (colon). It can often help identify abnormal growths, inflamed tissue, ulcers, and bleeding. It involves inserting a colonoscopy, a long, flexible, lighted tube, into the rectum up into the colon.

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP):

ERCP is a procedure that allows diagnosing and treating problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas. The procedure combines X-ray and the use of an endoscope. This is a long, flexible, lighted tube. The scope is guided through the patient's mouth and throat, then through the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). The healthcare provider can examine the inside of these organs and detect any abnormalities. A tube is then passed through the scope, and a dye is injected that will allow the internal organs to appear on an X-ray.

Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy helps to examine the small intestine. This procedure is helpful in identifying causes of bleeding, detecting polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcers, and tumors of the small intestine. A sensor device is placed on a patient's abdomen and a PillCam is swallowed. The PillCam passes naturally through the digestive tract while transmitting video images to a data recorder. The data recorder is secured to a patient's waist by a belt for 8 hours. Images of the small bowel are downloaded onto a computer from the data recorder.

Esophageal pH Monitoring

An esophageal pH monitor measures the acidity inside of the esophagus. It is helpful in evaluating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A thin, plastic tube is placed into a nostril, guided down the throat, and then into the esophagus. The tube stops just above the lower esophageal sphincter. This is at the connection between the esophagus and the stomach. At the end of the tube inside the esophagus is a sensor that measures pH, or acidity. The other end of the tube outside the body is connected to a monitor that records the pH levels for a 24 to 48 hour period. Normal activity is encouraged during the study, and a diary is kept of symptoms experienced, or activity that might be suspicious for reflux, such as gagging or coughing, and any food intake by the patient. It is also recommended to keep a record of the time, type, and amount of food eaten. The pH readings are evaluated and compared to the patient's activity for that time period.

 

Portal tract	Hepatology
Alimentary trac	Gastrointestinal immunology
Clinical medicine	Gastrointestinal genetics
Hepatocellular carcinom	Gastrointestinal therapeutics
Hepatology	Gastrointestinal endoscopy
Peptic ulcers	Gastrointestinal surgery
Gallbladder	Hepatobiliary surgery
Gastroenterolog	Gastrointestinal oncology
Eosinophilic esophagitis	Gastrointestinal radiation oncology
Abdominal pain	Gastrointestinal imaging
Dyslipidaemia	Gastrointestinal interventional therapy
Psychometric Validation	Gastrointestinal infectious diseases
Pediatric Gastroenterology	Gastrointestinal pathophysiology
Smectite	Gastrointestinal laboratory medicine
Intestinal infection	Inflammatory bowel disease
Bibliometrics	Liver disease and transplantation
Hepatic cirrhosis	Interventional endoscopy
esophageal varices	Celiac disease
MELD	Morbid obesity
Platelets	Colon cancer surveillance
Lactulose	Chemoprevention
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy	Swallowing disorders
Probiotics	Hepatitis and other liver diseases
Gastroenterolog	Nutrition disorders

 

 

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