Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Children: A Practical Update Based on European/North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition 2024 Guidelines

Sahoo JK and Agrawal A

Published on: 2025-10-01

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori infection, typically acquired in early childhood. Spontaneous eradication is rare. It is associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. It is a marker of sanitation status transmitted by feco-oral route. Invasive testing via esophagogastroduodenoscopy with gastric biopsies is the investigation of choice for initial diagnosis. Treatment is warranted in the presence of H. pylori positive gastric or duodenal ulcers or erosions and may be considered if H. pylori is incidentally detected. Clarithromycin-antibiotic sensitivity testing-guided triple therapy is preferred, consisting of a protein pump inhibitor and two antibiotics for 10–14 days; if unavailable, bismuth-based quadruple therapy is advised. All treated patients should be monitored for eradication 6-8 weeks after therapy with non-invasive tests such as the urea (13-C) breath test or stool antigen tests.