Structural Transformation in Uttar Pradesh: Assessing the Impact of Post-1991 Reforms on the Shift of Employment from Agriculture to Services

Govind Singh G and Kiran Singh S

Published on: 2025-09-04

Abstract

This study examines structural transformation in Uttar Pradesh, focusing on shifts in employment from agriculture to industry and services before and after the 1991 economic reforms. Using sectoral employment data, the paper traces changes in labor distribution and compares the relative roles of agriculture, industry, and services in providing jobs. Findings indicate a gradual decline in agricultural employment alongside growth in industrial and service sectors, though transformation is uneven across regions due to infrastructure gaps, skill constraints, and informal employment. The study highlights policy measures needed to accelerate labor shifts, enhance productivity, and promote inclusive economic growth in Uttar Pradesh.