Implementation Issues in the Republic of Uzbekistan with International Standards of the Financial Statements
Nortojievich AT
Published on: 2019-11-22
Abstract
This article reveals implementation issues in the republic of Uzbekistan with international standards of the financial statements briefly apply in practice risk-based plan of internal audit service of entities in national economy is requirement of the period. And also there were given conclusion and recommendations it is expedient to use existing experiences in this sphere of Great Britain, German, French and India to the national economy.
Keywords
International standards; National economy; Financial statements; CertificatesLiterature Review
Internal audit plan is complicate according to composition, structure and contents. Separate entity required a particular internal audit plan. But commonly internal audit plans coincide each other as well as particularly they overlap. That’s way there are various opinions about it. According to “International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing Standards” (2010 – Planning) are defined that “The chief audit executive must establish a risk-based plans to determine the priorities of the internal audit activity, consistent with the organization’s goals” [1]. Standard on internal audit (SIA) 1 “Planning an internal audit” (in India) stated “The internal audit plan should be based on the knowledge of the entity’s business. While developing the internal audit plan, the internal auditor should have regard to the objectives of the internal audit engagement as well as the time and resources required for conducting the engagement. In addition, the internal audit plan should also reflect the risk management strategy of the entity” [2]. Scholar of Vietnam Nguen Txi Vet Le emphasized “Internal audit plan developed on the basis of results of assessment risks must be altered, adjusted with conform to changed outer environment, business processes and risks which connected with them. On the ground of assessed risks auditors define and implement further audit procedure for concert assessed risks” [3]. Scientist of Russian N.A.Filevskaya defined “On the stage “Planning audit” planned control carry out on the basis of the schedule of internal control for the year, but unplanned initiates by head of internal audit service. Have been made tasks for audit, plan and program to carry out audit on the basis of the selection priority criteria and theirs activities (regulated in normative legal documents and standards)” with an allowance for influence external and internal factors to a activity system of corporate governance” [4] (Figure 1). Uzbek Professor N. Karimov gives the following opinion “It should emphasize in process of making internal audit plan to assess auditors risk and to properly determine material tasks in order to realize at the result of appointed risk directly affect to the effectiveness of audit activity”. Scholar affirmed that “In the auditing process auditor confirmed not only accuracy of financial statement as well as auditor should take into account all situations which are necessary to substantiate important matters”. Those opinions unveils some important specific directions of internal audit plan But, there are not exactly view about internal auditor plan and business risk of activity, theirs’ relations. [5].
Figure 1: The main problems of the implementation of IFRS.
Uzbek scholar K. Akhmadjonov suggested to separate internal audit plan two parts according to organization works and audit implementation. Here in preparing internal audit plan, that is 1) make annually working plan for organizational works and directions; to examine branches, subsidiaries, affiliates; make annually schedule; make workforce schedule; to appoint staff; to form budget steps. 2) Audit of objects; allocation of tasks for auditors; suggestions for make program. Professors of Uzbekistan B.A.Khasanov, Z.A.Aliboyev, M.SH.Zokirova stated “Audit internal plan are confirmed by head of internal audit department or specialist who appointed for auditing. Made all alterations in it should confirmed in time. But authors did not tell about composition as well as to consider business risk auditing and its importance in an internal audit plan” At the result of our scientific investigation we agree and support first, second and third above mentioned opinions. Reason for this conclusion is business risk considered as integral part of the internal audit plan. Other opinions not took account the essential basis of the matter. Briefly apply in practice risk-based plan of internal audit service of entities in national economy is requirement of the period. It is expedient to use existing experiences in this sphere of Great Britain, German, French and India to the national economy. Objectives of the internal auditing are determined as the following:
- To extend sphere and number of matters according to priorities in internal audit activity;
- To enter the all material objects on the risky-based basis in internal audit plan;
- To control and study implementation of made plan indicators and access them;
- To prepare internal audit report for management;
Internal audit activity services should be designed to eliminate arisen shortcomings and introduce into new ideas for practice; ultimately enhance the quality and increase efficiency of internal audit service.
Research Methodology
The research methods used scientific methods to study the processes of economic reality - experimental research, generalization, grouping, logical and comparative methods of analysis, abstract logical thinking, comparative analysis, statistical analysis, perspective forecasting and others.
Analyzing And Methodology
The purpose of this IFRS is to establish criteria for selecting and changing accounting policies, and to establish accounting policies for changes in accounting policies, changes in estimates and corrections for errors and disclosures relevant to them. The standard seeks to improve the relevance and reliability of the information contained in the financial statements of entities, including tourism companies, and to improve the comparability of these financial statements with other financial statements. It is worth noting that the international standard not only provides an accounting policy, but also provides estimates of changes in estimates and errors [6]. It is prescribed to realize of internal audit by means of conducts control according to plan confirmed by supervisor board of the entity in each year, but not given proper direction on make internal audit plan in the “Regulation about internal audit service in entities” [6]. Public and private bodies authorized to carry out the plan or program of implementation of IFRS in the national economy:
- The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
- The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics;
- The Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
- The Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
- Professional Association of Accountants and Auditors.
Here the list of the activities are being implemented in order to develop the accounting system in Uzbekistan:
A new project which attracted a lot of organizations in order to translate IFRS into uzbek originally, is implementing and it has almost finished. A number of seminars, courses and conferences on “International financial reporting standards” are being held by different organizations. The government pays great attention to create conditions for preparing specialists of IAS. Today thousands of students and volunteers are learning IFRS and trying to get CAP/CIPA certificates. What activities are being implemented in order to develop the accounting system in Uzbekistan? A new project which attracted a lot of organizations in order to translate IFRS into uzbek originally, is implementing and it has almost finished. A number of seminars, courses and conferences on “International financial reporting standards” are being held by different organizations. The government pays great attention to create conditions for preparing specialists of IAS. Today thousands of students and volunteers are learning IFRS and trying to get CAP/CIPA certificates. In Uzbekistan, widely represented special courses IFRS and certification of specialists: in higher education - Tashkent Financial Institute, Tashkent State University of Economics and others. IFRS training accountants - CIPAEN, ACCA DipIFR; Training of IAS auditors carried out in preparation for the qualifying exam and special courses IAS auditors in continuing training -CIPAEN, ACCA DipIFR; IFRS training university teachers CIPAEN, ACCA DipIFR; A national certification of specialists in IFRS public associations of accountants and auditors in professional certification. The main achievement of the period under IAS implementation in our country was that in 1999, the Ministry of Finance of Uzbekistan to permit the consolidation of legal entities do not prepare consolidated financial statements according to the rules stipulated by the regulations and methodological guidance on the accounting of the Ministry of Finance, if the conditions are met simultaneously: The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with international financial reporting standards developed by the International Financial Reporting Standards; The union should be ensured the accuracy of the consolidated financial statements prepared on the basis of IAS; International Financial Reporting Standards are necessary for the implementation of IAS: Establish a system of accounting and reporting standards that provide useful information to users, primarily investors; Ensure consistency of accounting reform in Uzbekistan with the main trends of harmonization of standards at the international level; Render methodical assistance to organizations in the understanding and implementation of the reformed model of accounting. The concept defines two directions of development of accounting system in Uzbekistan: The first - the development of the rules of accounting and presentation of financial statements that fully comply with the principles set out in the IAS and the requirements of Uzbek player legislation; Second - go to the formation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IAS. The problems associated with the implementation of IFRS In unreasonably high costs of economic entities in the preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS by the transformation of the financial statements prepared according to national accounting standards. In the lack of textbooks, manuals and reference materials on IFRS, despite the fact that there is a lot of material on the NAS. In the absence of an official version of the translation of IFRS in Uzbek and Russian languages. The purpose of the development of accounting and financial reporting in the medium term the introduction of a two-tier system of financial statements: for listed companies - the application of a full set of IFRS, other economic entities - the use of NAS NAS further improvement through the lens as close as possible to the IFRS-specific national legislation (Table 1).
Table 1: Compare IAS with NAS.
IAS (International accounting standards) |
NAS (National accounting standards) |
IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements |
NAS 1 «Accounting Policies and financial statements», NAS 3 “The accountability on financial results", NAS 14 “The report on own capital ", NAS 15 “Balance sheet" |
IAS 2 Inventory |
NAS 4 " Inventory holdings " |
IAS7 Statement of Cash Flows |
NAS 9 "The report on cash flows" |
IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors |
NAS 1 «Accounting Policies and financial statements», NAS 3 “The accountability on financial results “ |
IAS 10 Events after the Reporting Period |
NAS 16 " Unforeseen circumstances and the events of economic activity occurring after date of drawing up of the balance sheet" |
IAS (International accounting standards) |
NAS (National accounting standards) |
IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements |
NAS 1 «Accounting Policies and financial statements», NAS 3 “The accountability on financial results", NAS 14 “The report on own capital ", NAS 15 “Balance sheet" |
IAS 2 Inventory |
NAS 4 " Inventory holdings " |
IAS7 Statement of Cash Flows |
NAS 9 "The report on cash flows" |
IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors |
NAS 1 «Accounting Policies and financial statements», NAS 3 “The accountability on financial results “ |
IAS 10 Events after the Reporting Period |
NAS 16 " Unforeseen circumstances and the events of economic activity occurring after date of drawing up of the balance sheet" |
IAS (International accounting standards) |
NAS (National accounting standards) |
IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements |
NAS 1 «Accounting Policies and financial statements», NAS 3 “The accountability on financial results", NAS 14 “The report on own capital ", NAS 15 “Balance sheet" |
IAS 2 Inventory |
NAS 4 " Inventory holdings " |
IAS7 Statement of Cash Flows |
NAS 9 "The report on cash flows" |
IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors |
NAS 1 «Accounting Policies and financial statements», NAS 3 “The accountability on financial results “ |
IAS 10 Events after the Reporting Period |
NAS 16 " Unforeseen circumstances and the events of economic activity occurring after date of drawing up of the balance sheet" |
Conclusion and Recommendations
Ensure the application of international financial reporting standards is an important component of reforms to modernize the national economy. Transition to international standards due to the necessity ensure a high level of competitiveness of the national economy in the international division of labor. The implementation of international standards in the first phase will cover a small percentage of enterprises, particularly those that attract capital - public joint stock companies, banks and insurers. To achieve this goal it is necessary to ensure joint and coordinated actions for the implementation of tasks and activities with respect to the application of international standards, the Ministry of Finance, the National Bank, professional organizations and other stakeholders. The law on auditing activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 26 may 2000 year. Cabinet ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted 215th resolution Regulation about internal audit service in entities. 16 October 2006 year. The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan About defense the rights of stockholders and joint-stock companies. May 2014 year. International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing Standards.
References
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