Green Technologies, Renewable Energy Technologies, and Their Impacts on Environmental Protection and Climatic Change Prevention: A Review

Aluvihara S, Abdul Ghani A, Pestano-Gupta F, Sadeg AS, Omar MH and Ikreedeegh RR

Published on: 2026-02-23

Abstract

The escalating threat of climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions from traditional energy sources, necessitates a global shift towards sustainable alternatives. Green technologies and renewable energy technologies offer promising pathways for mitigating environmental damage and combating climatic changes. This review examines the impact of these technologies on environmental protection and climate change prevention. Green technologies encompass a wide range of innovations aimed at reducing environmental impact across various sectors. This includes pollution control technologies like air and water filtration systems, waste management innovations promoting recycling and composting, and sustainable building materials minimizing energy consumption and resource depletion. These technologies directly contribute to cleaner air and water, reduced landfill waste, and lower carbon footprints in construction and infrastructure development. Renewable energy technologies, encompassing solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass, provide clean energy sources that replace fossil fuels. Solar photovoltaic panels convert sunlight directly into electricity, while wind turbines harness wind energy to generate power. Hydroelectric dams utilize water's potential energy, and geothermal plants tap into the Earth's internal heat. Biomass energy utilizes organic matter for fuel. Deploying these technologies significantly reduces reliance on fossil fuels, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions responsible for global warming. The impacts are far-reaching. Renewable energy implementation leads to decreased air pollution, lowering respiratory illnesses and improving public health. Reduced carbon emissions from power generation contribute to mitigating global warming, slowing down sea-level rise, and preventing extreme weather events. Furthermore, the development and deployment of green and renewable technologies foster economic growth, creating new jobs in manufacturing, installation, and maintenance sectors. However, challenges remain. The intermittent nature of some renewable sources requires energy storage solutions and grid infrastructure upgrades. The initial investment costs can be substantial, hindering widespread adoption. Furthermore, the environmental impact of manufacturing components for these technologies, such as solar panels and wind turbines, must be carefully managed.