Comparative Analysis of True Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes

Andishmand A, Montazerghaem H and Beiki M

Published on: 2025-10-21

Abstract

Background: Aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they rupture. Therefore, symptomatic aortic aneurysms present a considerable health risk and necessitate comprehensive management to prevent potentially life-threatening complications. This study compared the clinical characteristics, risk factors, presentations, complications, and outcomes of patients with true aortic aneurysm and dissection.

Methods: A total of 150 patients with confirmed aortic aneurysms were included in this retrospective cohort study. The patients were divided into true aneurysm (n=76) and dissection (n=74) groups. Various parameters were compared between the groups.

Results: Patients with true aneurysms were older (mean age 60.8 ± 18.2 years) than those with false aneurysms (mean age 58.9 ± 18.3 years). Marfan syndrome was the only risk factor significantly associated with true aneurysms (p = 0.004). Dissection patients had higher rates of shock and cardiac arrest (p < 0.001). Chest pain, abdominal pain, dyspnea, asymmetric pulse, and AI murmur were more common in true aneurysm patients. True aneurysm patients had higher blood pressure and more ECG abnormalities. Mediastinum widening and pericardial effusion were more prevalent in false and true aneurysm patients, respectively. No significant differences were found in treatment utilization or aneurysm location. Dissection patients had higher one-year mortality rates (51.4%) compared to true aneurysm patients (14.5%).predictors of mortality after diagnosis and treatment of aortic aneurysm were the category of dissection (OR:5.7,95%CI;1.96-16.7, P=0.001), age >= 60 yr (OR:4.6, 95% CI;1.8-13.0, P=0.002), hemodynamically unstable presentation(OR;5.6,95% CI;1.4-23.7, P=0.016) and aneurysm related complications(OR:4.7,95% CI;1.7-13.3, P=0.003).

Conclusion: This study highlights the clinical characteristics, risk factors, presentations, complications, and outcomes of true aortic aneurysm and dissection. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial for improving patient outcomes.