Infectious Diarrhea, As a Valid Medical and Public Health Problematic

Monica DL

Published on: 2021-04-25

Abstract

Acute diarrhea of infectious etiology referred to gastroenteritis and is associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal urgency disorders. Diarrheal illness is a problem worldwide, with substantial regional variation in the prevalence of specific pathogens. In fact, Infectious diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can cause real public health problems. Such diarrhea was studied as a medical disorder, in a  3 year period,  2017-2020, in Transylvania  region from  Romania. It was found 3577 number of cases, almost during July to August. The case incidence for the disease arrived at 65%, in the entire summer season. The data were transmitted by 12 districts Sanitary Polices, to the Public Health Center. This all were  mostly diagnosed by the territorial  family  doctors and more than 50% , have need some days of hospitalization, because of several disease disorders. For this disorders it was used a specific adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement as key of the treatment, to managing diarrheal illnesses. Even so, 3 children under 5 year’s age died, because of severe complications. Organic failed was estimate to be the cause of their deaths. Clinical and epidemiological evaluation defined the severity and type of this illness.  The detected infectious etiology for the Acute diarrhea, where determined  in authorized Microbiology laboratories,  and  there were   identified:  Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Yersinia spp, Rotavirus, Giardia. Most number of cases appeared in children in  63% , followed by elderly or adult people in  17% each, all data  as quantified number of determined infectious diarrheas. Acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue, against which control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance of infectious acute diarrhea includes obligatory strategies of infection control.