Orthognathic surgery corrects dentofacial deformities through skeletal repositioning to achieve functional occlusion and facial harmony. Traditional surgical planning relies on two-dimensional radiographs, model surgery, and intermediate occlusal splints a workflow susceptible to cumulative errors from face-bow transfer inaccuracies, condylar positioning variability, and manual plate adaptation. These limitations have driven the adoption of digital technologies that promise unprecedented precision, predictability, and personalization [1-27].

Parallel to advances in orthognathic surgical planning, the field of dental implantology has witnessed the emergence of "smart implants" prosthetic devices capable of sensing, responding to, and interacting with their biological environment. The convergence of these two trajectories precision orthognathic surgery and intelligent implant technology creates new possibilities for comprehensive craniomaxillofacial rehabilitation. Patients undergoing orthognathic surgery often require subsequent implant placement for congenitally missing teeth, trauma-related losses, or as part of multidisciplinary treatment plans for severe malocclusions. The integration of smart implant technologies into this treatment continuum offers opportunities for enhanced osseointegration, real-time healing monitoring, and early detection of complications [28-38].

This review aims to: (1) describe the current state of digital technologies in orthognathic surgery, including VSP, 3D printing, PSIs, and navigation systems; (2) examine emerging smart implant technologies relevant to orthognathic patients; (3) analyze the clinical evidence for combined approaches; (4) identify barriers to widespread adoption; and (5) propose a research agenda for advancing bio-intelligent orthognathic surgery [39-48].

Virtual Surgical Planning

Virtual surgical planning has revolutionized orthognathic surgery by enabling surgeons to perform osteotomies and reposition skeletal segments in a three-dimensional digital environment before entering the operating room. VSP software platforms such as ProPlan CMF, Dolphin Imaging, and Materialise integrate cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), intraoral scans, and facial photographs to create comprehensive 3D patient models [49-63].

The VSP workflow typically involves: (1) data acquisition through high-resolution imaging; (2) segmentation of bony and soft tissue structures; (3) virtual osteotomy planning with determination of osteotomy lines and segment mobilization; (4) repositioning based on functional and aesthetic objectives; (5) design of patient-specific cutting guides and fixation plates; and (6) simulation of soft tissue outcomes. This process enables surgeons to evaluate multiple treatment scenarios, predict outcomes, and optimize surgical plans before patient contact [64-79].

The clinical benefits of VSP extend beyond surgical precision. Enhanced visualization facilitates interdisciplinary communication between orthodontists, surgeons, and prosthodontists. Patient engagement improves when individuals can visualize expected outcomes through 3D simulations. Furthermore, VSP reduces intraoperative decision-making burden, allowing surgeons to focus on technical execution rather than spatial reasoning [80-93].

Patient-Specific Implants

Patient-specific implants represent a fundamental departure from conventional "one-size-fits-all" hardware. Unlike standard miniplates requiring intraoperative bending and adaptation a process prone to inaccuracy and fatigue failure PSIs are designed and manufactured to precisely match each patient's unique anatomy [94-104].

The design process leverages VSP data to create cutting guides and fixation plates that mirror the planned osteotomy and repositioning. Cutting guides, typically fabricated from biocompatible photopolymer resin, fit securely against the patient's bone surface and direct oscillating saws along pre-determined trajectories. Fixation plates, manufactured from grade 5 titanium through milling or 3D printing, maintain the repositioned segments in their planned positions.

Two manufacturing pathways exist for PSIs: commercial outsourcing and in-house production. Commercial providers offer turnkey solutions with established quality control systems but incur higher costs and longer lead times. In-house production, utilizing desktop 3D printers and milling equipment, reduces costs to approximately one-third of commercial alternatives and eliminates data transfer delays. However, in-house approaches require significant capital investment, technical expertise, and rigorous quality assurance protocols.

Case studies demonstrate the transformative potential of PSIs. At University Hospital Basel, a patient with an orbital tumor causing exophthalmos and incipient double vision underwent complete digital workflow management: CT imaging, 3D printing of anatomy showing tumor-implant relationships, design of a patient-specific titanium implant, and navigation-guided placement. The implant precisely reconstructed the medial orbital wall, enabling tumor resection and orbital rehabilitation in a single procedure [105-120].

Surgical Navigation Systems

Surgical navigation systems provide real-time intraoperative guidance by tracking instrument positions relative to preoperative imaging. Analogous to automotive GPS, these systems answer three critical questions: "Where am I?", "Where is my target?", and "How do I get there?".

Navigation requires three components: (1) a tracking system (optical or electromagnetic) that monitors instrument positions; (2) patient registration that maps the physical anatomy to the virtual model; and (3) specialized software that displays instrument positions on preoperative images.

In orthognathic surgery, navigation serves multiple functions: verifying Le Fort I segment positioning without splints, confirming osteotomy locations, assessing hardware placement, and documenting achieved repositioning. Studies demonstrate that navigation-assisted PSI placement achieves deviations of 0.13-0.48 mm across all spatial dimensions well within clinically acceptable thresholds of 1 mm [121-135].

Three-Dimensional Printing and Additive Manufacturing

Three-dimensional printing technologies have become integral to digital orthognathic workflows. Applications span diagnostic models, surgical guides, PSIs, and educational models for patient communication. The primary 3D printing technologies employed include:

Stereolithography (SLA): Uses UV laser to cure photopolymer resin, producing high-resolution models and surgical guides with excellent surface finish [136-147].

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM): Extrudes thermoplastic filaments; suitable for anatomical models and low-cost guides but with lower resolution [148-156].

Selective Laser Melting (SLM): Fuses metal powder particles using high-powered lasers; the primary technology for titanium PSI fabrication.

PolyJet/MultiJet Printing: Deposits photopolymer droplets cured by UV light; enables multi-material and full-color models for complex anatomical visualization.

Point-of-care 3D printing facilities, located within hospital systems, enable rapid turnaround from imaging to implant production. The University Hospital Basel's 3D printing lab, established in 2016, exemplifies this model seamlessly integrating printing into clinical workflows, reducing lead times from weeks to days, and enabling just-in-time manufacturing.

Artificial Intelligence Integration

Artificial intelligence is emerging as a transformative force in orthognathic surgery, with applications spanning diagnosis, planning, execution, and outcomes prediction.

Diagnostic Applications: AI algorithms analyze cephalometric radiographs and CBCT scans to identify skeletal landmarks, classify malocclusions, and detect pathologies. Beyond traditional classifications based on dental occlusion, AI-enabled systems increasingly prioritize facial aesthetics and skeletal etiology, identifying whether jaw discrepancies originate from dentoalveolar factors, skeletal bone, or mandibular positioning. This etiology-driven classification guides treatment strategy selection distinguishing patients requiring orthognathic surgery from those manageable with non-invasive approaches [157-169].

Planning Applications: Machine learning models trained on large surgical outcome databases can predict soft tissue changes following skeletal movements, optimize osteotomy locations, and simulate aging effects on surgical outcomes. These predictive capabilities enhance surgical precision and patient counseling.

Intraoperative Applications: AI-enhanced navigation systems provide real-time decision support, alerting surgeons to deviation from planned trajectories and suggesting corrective actions. Robotic systems incorporating AI demonstrate accuracy metrics with mean deviations of 0.45-0.72 mm. However, fully autonomous robotic surgery remains experimental; current systems function as "co-pilots" rather than independent operators.

Postoperative Applications: AI algorithms analyze postoperative imaging to detect complications (hardware loosening, segment relapse, non-union) and predict long-term stability. Integration with smart implant sensors promises continuous monitoring with automated alerts for pathologic changes.

Definitions and Classification Framework

Smart implants defined as prosthetic devices capable of sensing environmental changes and initiating appropriate responses represent the frontier of implant dentistry. For orthognathic patients requiring subsequent implant placement, smart technologies offer unique advantages: monitoring healing in surgically manipulated bone, detecting early peri-implantitis in anatomically complex cases, and providing objective data on osseointegration progression.

Building on established frameworks, we propose a three-level classification specific to orthognathic applications:

Level I - Monitoring Implants: Passive sensors that measure and transmit physiological parameters without active intervention. Applications include temperature sensing (inflammation detection), strain gauging (occlusal load monitoring), and biochemical sensing (inflammatory biomarker detection).

Level II - Responsive Implants: Systems that sense specific stimuli and initiate pre-programmed responses. Examples include drug-eluting implants that release antimicrobial agents upon detecting bacterial colonization and piezoelectric implants that generate therapeutic electrical stimulation from masticatory forces.

Level III - Adaptive Implants: Theoretical systems that integrate sensing, computation, and actuation to continuously optimize performance based on real-time conditions. These remain investigational but represent the long-term aspiration of the field [170-178].

Sensor-Embedded Implants

Sensor integration within dental implants enables continuous monitoring of the peri-implant environment. Multiple sensor types are under investigation:

Temperature Sensors: Thin-film thermistors embedded within implant abutments measure intraoral temperature fluctuations correlated with inflammation. Preclinical studies demonstrate feasibility, though long-term stability in the oral environment remains challenging.

Strain and Load Sensors: Piezoelectric elements generate electrical signals proportional to applied mechanical stress, enabling real-time occlusal force monitoring. This capability is particularly valuable for orthognathic patients whose occlusion may change during postoperative orthopedic adaptation.

Biochemical Sensors: Ion-selective field-effect transistors and electrochemical aptamer-based sensors detect salivary biomarkers including pH, glucose, cytokines, and bacterial metabolites. Early detection of peri-implantitis a leading cause of late implant failure affecting 10-20% of implants could enable preventive intervention before irreversible bone loss.

Wireless Data Transmission: Bluetooth Low Energy, near-field communication, and inductive coupling enable data transfer to external receivers (smartphones, dedicated readers). Power constraints remain a significant challenge, with energy harvesting from mastication or thermal gradients under active investigation.

Bioelectric and Piezoelectric Smart Implants

Piezoelectric materials convert mechanical deformation into electrical potential and conversely, electrical stimulation into mechanical deformation. Integrating piezoelectric ceramics (barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate) into dental implants enables two complementary functions:

Energy Harvesting: Masticatory forces generate electrical charges that can power embedded sensors or charge storage capacitors. While energy densities remain low, ultra-low-power microcontrollers and sensors increasingly enable sustainable operation.

Therapeutic Stimulation: The same piezoelectric effect can deliver electrical stimulation to peri-implant tissues. Preclinical evidence suggests that low-amplitude electrical fields promote osteoblast activity, enhance angiogenesis, and inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. For orthognathic patients with compromised bone quality (post-radiation, osteoporotic, or atrophic), bioelectric stimulation could improve osseointegration outcomes.

A proposed "Human Oral Motion-Powered Smart Dental Implant" concept would harvest energy from chewing to power ambulatory photo-biomodulation therapy though this remains an experimental concept requiring extensive validation [179-190].

Nanotechnology-Enabled Smart Surfaces

Nanoscale surface modifications transform conventional titanium implants into bioactive platforms capable of directing cellular behavior. Key approaches include:

Nanotopographical Modification: Anodization, plasma electrolytic oxidation, and laser texturing create nanotubes, nanopores, or nanopillars on implant surfaces. These features modulate wettability, protein adsorption, and cellular responses promoting faster, stronger osseointegration.

Drug-Eluting Nanocoatings: Layer-by-layer assembly, electrospinning, and plasma polymerization create reservoirs for therapeutic agents (antimicrobial peptides, growth factors, and bisphosphonates). Controlled release can respond to environmental triggers (pH changes, enzymatic activity) for targeted therapy.

Biomimetic Surface Functionalization: Self-assembled monolayers and peptide coatings mimic extracellular matrix components, presenting biological ligands that bind integrin receptors and activate intracellular signaling cascades.

Integration with Orthognathic Surgical Workflows

Successful integration of smart implants into orthognathic patient care requires consideration of timing, biomechanics, and monitoring protocols:

Timing Considerations: Implant placement may occur simultaneously with orthognathic surgery (immediate placement), during healing (delayed placement), or after orthodontic decompensation (staged placement). Each scenario presents unique advantages and challenges for smart implant integration.

Biomechanical Compatibility: PSI fixation plates and smart dental implants must coexist without interference. Navigation systems can plan trajectories that avoid collision between implant bodies and hardware.Monitoring Protocols: Postoperative monitoring of orthognathic patients typically includes clinical examination and imaging at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Smart implants could supplement these assessments with continuous data streams, detecting complications earlier and reducing follow-up visit frequency.

Accuracy and Precision of PSI-Navigation Systems

The combination of PSIs and navigation systems has demonstrated compelling accuracy metrics. A case series of three patients undergoing two-jaw surgery (Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy) reported:

• Left-Right Deviation: 0.28 ± 0.41 mm
• Anterior-Posterior Deviation: 0.13 ± 0.48 mm
• Superior-Inferior Deviation: 0.37 ± 0.39 mm

Bone surface comparison between planned and achieved positions showed green areas (deviation 0.0-0.4 mm) predominantly in the anterior Le Fort I region. Stability assessed at 9 months postoperatively demonstrated minimal changes, with two of three patients maintaining deviation within 0.0-0.4 mm [191-199].

Comparative studies indicate that PSIs outperform conventional occlusal splints. Kraeima et al. reported PSI deviations of 1.05 mm (AP), 0.87 mm (SI), and 0.46 mm (LR) compared to splint deviations of 1.74 mm, 0.98 mm, and 1.07 mm, respectively. The superior accuracy of PSIs is attributed to elimination of splint-seating errors and precise adaptation to patient anatomy.

Functional and Aesthetic Outcomes

Digital planning-assisted orthognathic surgery combined with implantology provides substantial functional and aesthetic benefits. VSP enables detailed 3D simulations that enhance condylar positioning and soft tissue predictability. Integration with 3D printing supports customized surgical guides, improving workflow efficiency and reducing planning time.

For patients with severe malocclusions requiring both orthognathic correction and implant placement, digital workflows enable comprehensive treatment planning that coordinates skeletal repositioning with prosthetic rehabilitation. This integrated approach rather than sequential, uncoordinated procedures optimizes both functional occlusion and facial aesthetics.

Incorporation of transparent aligner systems provides a fully digital continuum of care, enhancing periodontal health, oral hygiene maintenance, and patient aesthetic preferences.

Case Examples

Case 1: Orbital Tumor Reconstruction

A patient presenting with left eye protrusion (exophthalmos) and early double vision was diagnosed with a benign orbital tumor. The tumor had grown through a previously placed orbital mesh, requiring removal of both lesion and existing hardware.

The digital workflow proceeded as follows: CT imaging → 3D printing of full-color anatomy (segmented: eye muscle, nerve, globe, implant, tumor) → PSI design by Biomedical Engineering → titanium implant fabrication → navigation-guided resection and reconstruction. The patient underwent single-procedure tumor removal, medial orbital wall reconstruction, and orbital rehabilitation restoring globe position and resolving diplopia [200-207].

Case 2: Cleft Lip and Palate Orthognathic Surgery

Patients with cleft lip and palate present complex anatomical deficiencies and asymmetries requiring specialized surgical expertise. Virtual surgical planning enables precise osteotomy planning considering bone, nerves, and tooth roots. Patient-specific orthognathic solutions-combining custom cutting guides and fixation plates stable results with reduced relapse compared to traditional methods, particularly in cases requiring significant maxillary advancement.

Long-Term Stability

Stability represents the ultimate measure of orthognathic surgical success. PSI fixation has demonstrated comparable or superior stability to conventional plates. Van der Wel et al. reported median translations of less than 1 mm and median rotations of less than 1° at 1-year follow-up for both PSI and conventional groups.

The mechanisms underlying PSI stability include: (1) precise adaptation eliminating plate-bone gaps; (2) optimized screw placement based on bone density mapping; (3) reduced need for intraoperative bending (eliminating fatigue weak points); and (4) improved load distribution across fixation points.

Challenges and Barriers to Adoption

Technical Challenges

Manufacturing Accuracy: Subtractive manufacturing (milling) and additive manufacturing (3D printing) each present accuracy limitations. While both achieve clinically acceptable tolerances (<0.5 mm), variability exists across systems and materials.

Navigation Registration Accuracy: Patient registration mapping physical anatomy to virtual models represents a potential error source. Point-based, surface-based, and automatic registration techniques each have accuracy profiles ranging from 0.5-2.0 mm.

Smart Implant Durability: Embedded electronics must withstand cyclic loading (up to 700 N), temperature fluctuations (5-55°C), pH variations (acidic plaque, neutral saliva), and corrosive chloride-rich environments. Encapsulation strategies (parylene, ceramic, titanium housings) show promise but long-term data are lacking [208-210].

Power Supply: Batteries require replacement or recharging impractical for embedded devices. Energy harvesting from mastication, temperature gradients, or external RF sources remains inefficient for continuous monitoring.

Clinical Challenges

Learning Curve: Navigation systems require 10-20 cases to achieve proficiency, representing a significant investment for surgical teams. PSI design requires expertise in both surgical principles and CAD software.

Evidence Gap: Most smart implant technologies lack robust clinical validation. Current evidence is predominantly preclinical (in vitro, animal) or small case series. Large-scale, long-term trials with standardized outcome measures are urgently needed.

Regulatory Hurdles: PSIs and navigation systems are Class II/III medical devices requiring regulatory approval (FDA 510(k) or De Novo, CE Mark). Smart implants combining multiple functions (restorative, diagnostic, therapeutic) face uncertain regulatory pathways.

Economic Challenges

High Initial Investment: In-house PSI production requires CT/CBCT (100K-500K USD), VSP software (20K-50K USD), 3D printers (50K-500K USD), milling equipment (50K-200K USD), and navigation systems (100K-300K USD). Commercial outsourcing avoids capital costs but incurs higher per-case expenses (2K-5K USD for PSIs).

Insurance and Reimbursement: Many jurisdictions do not reimburse PSIs or navigation guidance, treating them as "experimental" or "investigational." Patients face significant out-of-pocket costs, limiting access.

Cost-Effectiveness Uncertainty: The incremental benefit of PSIs over conventional splints improved accuracy but at substantially higher cost has not been rigorously evaluated. Cost-effectiveness analyses are needed to guide resource allocation.

Educational and Training Challenges

Curriculum Gaps: Dental and medical curricula have not fully integrated digital surgery training. Graduating residents may lack exposure to VSP, PSI design, or navigation systems.

Continuing Education Burden: Practicing surgeons require significant continuing education to adopt these technologies. Hands-on workshops, cadaver courses, and proctored cases are essential but resource-intensive.

Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Effective digital workflows require collaboration with radiologists, engineers, and technicians roles not traditionally integrated into surgical teams.

Ethical and Legal Challenges

Data Privacy: Patient imaging data, VSP models, and smart implant monitoring data constitute sensitive health information. Data breaches, unauthorized access, and secondary use without consent are legitimate concerns.

Liability: When AI systems contribute to surgical planning or navigation, liability for adverse outcomes becomes ambiguous. Is the surgeon, software developer, device manufacturer, or hospital responsible? Legal frameworks have not yet addressed these questions.

Equity of Access: Advanced technologies risk exacerbating healthcare disparities if concentrated in wealthy urban centers. Regulatory and funding mechanisms must consider equitable distribution.

Toward Bio-Intelligent Orthognathic Surgery

The convergence of digital planning, robotic execution, and smart implant monitoring promises a future where orthognathic surgery is fully personalized, precisely executed, and continuously monitored. Key enabling technologies include:

Closed-Loop Feedback Systems: Implants that sense healing progress and adjust therapeutic delivery (drug release, electrical stimulation) accordingly. This could accelerate osseointegration in high-risk patients and detect complications before clinical symptoms appear.

AI-Powered Predictive Modeling: Deep learning models trained on large surgical outcome databases to predict patient-specific risks, optimize treatment sequences, and simulate long-term aging changes.

Robotic-Assisted Osteotomies: Robotically controlled lasers or ultrasonic scalpels could perform osteotomies with sub-millimeter precision, reducing bone necrosis and accelerating healing. The MIRACLE 2 project (Minimally Invasive Robot-Assisted Computer-guided LaserosteotomE) exemplifies this direction.

Augmented Reality Navigation: Head-mounted displays (HoloLens, Google Glass) could overlay surgical plans onto the physical patient, providing intuitive guidance without screen distraction. Early prototypes show promise for implant placement and osteotomy verification.

Research Priorities

Based on evidence gaps identified in this review, we propose the following research priorities:

Clinical Validation: Multicenter randomized controlled trials comparing PSI-navigation to conventional splint techniques with 5+ year follow-up, assessing: accuracy, stability, complication rates, operating time, radiation exposure, cost, and patient-reported outcomes.

Smart Implant Clinical Trials: Phase I (safety), II (feasibility), and III (efficacy) trials for sensor-embedded and bioelectric implants, with particular attention to orthognathic patient populations (compromised bone, post-surgical anatomy).

Standardization: Development of consensus guidelines for outcome measures, reporting standards, and quality metrics in digital orthognathic surgery research.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Rigorous economic evaluations comparing digital workflows to conventional approaches, incorporating direct medical costs, productivity losses, and quality-adjusted life years.

Technology Development: Research priorities include: (1) durable, biocompatible sensor encapsulation; (2) efficient energy harvesting systems; (3) AI algorithms validated on diverse populations; and (4) intuitive human-machine interfaces.

Implementation Roadmap

Responsible clinical translation of integrated orthognathic-smart implant technologies requires a phased approach:

Phase I (Current-0-2 years): Refinement of PSI-navigation workflows in specialized centers; establishment of safety protocols; development of training curricula.

Phase II (Near-term-2-5 years): Multicenter clinical trials; regulatory approvals for smart implant systems; initial cost-effectiveness analyses; dissemination of best practices.

Phase III (Mid-term-5-10 years): Widespread clinical adoption; integration into residency training; development of reimbursement pathways; establishment of registries for long-term surveillance.

Phase IV (Long-term-10+ years): Continuous quality improvement; technology development; global access initiatives.

The integration of smart implant technologies with orthognathic surgery represents a transformative evolution in craniomaxillofacial rehabilitation. Digital workflows encompassing virtual surgical planning, patient-specific implants, and surgical navigation have already demonstrated sub-millimeter accuracy and excellent stability outcomes unattainable with conventional techniques. Emerging smart implant technologies sensor-embedded prostheses, bioelectric systems, and nanotechnology-enabled surfaces promise to extend surgical precision into the postoperative period, enabling continuous monitoring, early complication detection, and adaptive tissue response.

However, significant barriers remain before these technologies achieve routine clinical adoption. Technical challenges including smart implant durability and power supply require resolution. The evidence base requires strengthening through rigorous clinical trials with standardized outcomes. Economic barriers and training requirements must be addressed to ensure equitable access. Regulatory frameworks need adaptation for multifunctional devices combining restorative, diagnostic, and therapeutic functions.

The trajectory toward bio-intelligent orthognathic surgery is clear, even if the timeline remains uncertain. As sensor technologies miniaturize, AI capabilities expand, and manufacturing costs decrease, the convergence of digital planning, robotic execution, and smart implant monitoring will become increasingly accessible. Realizing this vision requires sustained collaboration among surgeons, engineers, data scientists, regulators, and policymakers-working together to ensure that innovation proceeds responsibly, equitably, and with patient benefit as the paramount goal.

For patients undergoing orthognathic surgery often young individuals facing complex, life-altering procedures the promise of smart implant technologies extends beyond clinical metrics. Shorter operating times, reduced complication risks, accelerated recovery, and the ability to monitor healing from home address fundamental patient priorities. As these technologies mature and evidence accumulates, their integration into standard orthognathic practice will not merely be an option it will be an expectation.

1. Panahi O. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Shaping Future Health Planning. Int J Health Policy Plann. 2025; 4: 01-05.
2. Panahi O, Falkner S. Telemedicine, AI, and the Future of Public Health. Western J Med Sci & Res. 2025; 2: 1-5.
3. Panahi O, Azarfardin A. Computer-Aided Implant Planning: Utilizing AI for Precise Placement and Predictable Outcomes. J Dent Oral Health. 2025; 2: 1-5.
4. Panahi O. AI in Health Policy: Navigating Implementation and Ethical Considerations. Int J Health Policy Plann. 2025; 4: 01-05.
5. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Stomatologia cyfrowa i sztuczna inteligencja. 2025.
6. Panahi O. Innovative Biomaterials for Sustainable Medical Implants: A Circular Economy Approach. European Journal of Innovative Studies and Sustainability. 2025; 1: 1-5.
7. Panahi O. Bridging the Gap: AI-Driven Solutions for Dental Tissue Regeneration. Austin J Dent. 2024; 11: 1-3.
8. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Dentisterie numérique et intelligence artificielle.
9. Panahi O, Zeinalddin M. The Convergence of Precision Medicine and Dentistry: An AI and Robotics Perspective. Austin J Dent. 2024; 11: 1-3.
10. Omid P, Mohammad Z. The Remote Monitoring Toothbrush for Early Cavity Detection using Artificial Intelligence (AI). IJDSIR. 2024; 7: 173-178.
11. Omid P. Modern Sinus Lift Techniques: Aided by AI. Glob J Oto. 2024; 26: 1-5.
12. Panahi O. The Rising Tide: Artificial Intelligence Reshaping Healthcare Management. S J Publc Hlth. 2024; 1: 1-3.
13. Panahi P. Multipath Local Error Management Technique over Ad Hoc Networks. In 2008 International Conference on Automated Solutions for Cross Media Content and Multi-Channel Distribution. 2008; 187-194.
14. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Digitale Zahnmedizin und kunstliche Intelligenz.
15. Panahi U. AD HOC Networks: Applications, Challenges, Future Directions, Scholars’ Press. 2025.
16. Panahi U. AD HOC-Netze: Anwendungen, Herausforderungen, zukünftige Wege, Verlag Unser Wissen. 2025.
17. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Odontología digital e inteligencia artificial.
18. Koyuncu B, Gokce, A, Panahi P. The use of the Unity game engine in the reconstruction of an archeological site. In 19th Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology (SOMA 2015). 2015; 95-103.
19. Koyuncu B, Meral E, Panahi P. Real time geolocation tracking by using GPS+GPRS and Arduino based SIM908. IFRSA International Journal of Electronics Circuits and Systems (IIJECS). 2015; 4: 148-150.
20. Panahi O. Smart Materials and Sensors: Integrating Technology into Dental Restorations for Real-Time Monitoring. J Dent Oral Health. 2025; 2.
21. Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry, Unser wissen Publishinghttps, O Panahi, F Esmaili, S Kargarnezhad - blackwells. co. uk/bookshop/product/Knstliche. 2024.
22. Panahi O. Deep Learning in Diagnostics. Journal of Medical Discoveries. 2025; 2: 1-6.
23. Panahi O. Algorithmic Medicine. Journal of Medical Discoveries. 2025; 2: 1-6.
24. Panahi O. The Future of Healthcare: AI, Public Health and the Digital Revolution. Medi Clin Case Rep J. 2025; 3: 763-766.
25. Omid P. Artificial Intelligence in Oral Implantology, Its Applications, Impact and Challenges. Adv Dent & Oral Health. 2024; 17: 1-4.
26. Omid P. Relevance between gingival hyperplasia and leukemia. Int J Acad Res. 2011; 3: 493-494.
27. Panahi O. Teledentistry: Expanding Access to Oral Healthcare. Journal of Dental Science Research Reviews & Reports.J Dental Sci Res Rep. 2024; 6: 2-3.
28. Panahi O, Ezzati A. AI in Dental-Medicine: Current Applications & Future Directions. Open Access J Clin Images. 2025; 2: 1-5.
29. Panahi O. Predictive Health in Communities: Leveraging AI for Early Intervention and Prevention. Ann Community Med Prim Health Care. 2025; 3: 1-5.
30. Inteligencia artificial en odontologia, NUESTRO CONOC, DO Panahi, DF Esmaili, DS Kargarnezhad - 2024 - Mento Publishing. 2024.
31. Kunstliche Intelligenz in der Zahnmedizin, O Panahi, DF Esmaili, DS Kargarnezhad - 2024 - Unser wissen Publishing. 2024.
32. Panahi DO. Dental pulp stem cells. Acta Scientific Dental Sciences. 2024; 8: 22-24
33. Panahi O, Arab MS, Tamson KM. Gingival enlargment and relevance with leukemia. International Journal of Academic Research. 2011.
34. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Odontologia digital e inteligencia artificial. 2025.
35. Panahi DO, Dadkhah DS. Sztuczna inteligencja w nowoczesnej stomatologii. 2025.
36. Panahi DO, Dadkhah DS. La IA en la odontologia moderna. 2025.
37. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Digitale Zahnmedizin und kunstliche Intelligenz. 2025.
38. Panahi O, Esmaili DF, Kargarnezhad DS. Intelligenza artificiale in odontoiatria. SAPIENZA Publishing. 2024.
39. Panahi DO, Dadkhah DS. L'IA dans la dentisterie modern. 2025.
40. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Stomatologia cyfrowa i sztuczna inteligencja. 2025.
41. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Odontoiatria digitale e intelligenza artificiale. 2025.
42. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Dentisterie numérique et intelligence artificielle.
43. Panahi DO, Eslamlou DSF. Le peridontium: Structure, fonction et gestion Clinique. 2025.
44. Panahi DO, Dadkhah DS. L'intelligenza artificiale nell'odontoiatria moderna.
45. Panahi Celulas madre de la pulpa dental. Ediciones Nuestro Conocimiento. 2021.
46. Panahi DO, Dadkhah DS. A IA na medicina dentária moderna. 2025.
47. Panahi DO. Cellule staminali della polpa dentaria. 2021.
48. Thamson K, Panahi O. Challenges and Opportunities for Implementing AI in Clinical Trials. J of Bio Adv Sci Research. 2025; 1: 1-08.
49. Thamson K, Panahi O. Ethical Considerations and Future Directions of AI in Dental Healthcare. J of Bio Adv Sci Research. 2025; 1: 1-07.
50. Thamson K, Panahi O. Bridging the gap: AI, data science, and evidence-based dentistry. J of Bio Adv Sci Research. 2025; 1: 1-7.
51. Thamson K, Panahi O. Bridging the gap: AI as a collaborative tool between clinicians and researchers. J of Bio Adv Sci Research. 2025; 1: 1-8.
52. Panahi O, Dadkhah S. Transforming Dental Care: A Comprehensive Review of AI Technologies. J Stoma Dent Res. 2025; 3: 1-5.
53. Panahi O. Predictive Health in Communities: Leveraging AI for Early Intervention and Prevention. Ann Community Med Prim Health Care. 2025; 3: 1028.
54. Gholizadeh M, Panahi O. Research system in health management information systems. Sciencia Scripts Publishing. 2021
55. Gholizadeh M, Panahi O. Sciencia Scripts Publishing. 2021.
56. Panahi O, Esmaili F, Kargarnezhad S. L'intelligence artificielle dans l'odontologie. EDITION NOTRE SAVOIR Publishing. 2024.
57. Zarei S, Bahador N, Mirbakhsh M, Pazir MK. Antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in different salinity and temperature against Vibrio harveyi (PTCC1755) and Vibrio alginolyticus (MK641453.1). J Pharmacognosy Phytochem. 2019; 8: 1206-1209.
58. Panahi O, Farrokh S, Amirloo A. Robotics in Implant Dentistry: Current Status and Future Prospects. Scientific Archives of Dental Sciences. 2025: 7; 55-60.
59. Zarei S, Panahi O. Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Extract As A Preventive To The Vibriosis. 2019
60. Panahi O. Empowering Dental Public Health: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Improved Oral Healthcare Access and Outcomes. JOJ Pub Health. 2024; 9: 555754.
61. Panahi O. M Gholizadeh - SCIENCIA SCRIPTS Publishing. 2021.
62. Panahi O. Smart Implants: Integrating Sensors and Data Analytics for Enhanced Patient Care. Dental. 2025; 7: 22.
63. Panahi O. Forging a Healthier Future through Responsible AI in Families and Communities. Archives of Community and Family Medicine. 2025; 8: 21-30.
64. Panahi O, Ketenci Cay F, Ghanbary A. Nano Technology, Regenerative Medicine and, Tissue Bio-Engineering. 2023.
65. Panahi O, Esmaili DF, Kargarnezhad DS. L'intelligence artificielle dans l'odontologie, EDITION NOTRE SAVOIR Publishing Publishing. 2024.
66. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF. Periodontium: Structure, Function and Clinical Management.
67. Panahi O. Health in the Age of AI: A Family and Community Focus. Archives of Community and Family Medicine. 2025; 8: 11-20.
68. Panahi O, Shahbazpour Z. Healthcare Reimagined: AI and the Future of Clinical Practice. Am J Biomed Sci & Res. 2025; 27.
69. Panahi O, Dadkhah S. AI in modern dentistry. 2025.
70. Panahi O. Robotic Surgery Powered by AI: Precision and Automation in the Operating Room. SunText Rev Med Clin Res. 2025; 6: 225.
71. Oanahi O. Smart Materials and Sensors: Integrating Technology into Dental Restorations for Real-Time Monitoring. Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health. 2025; 2.
72. Koyuncu B, Ugur B, Panahi O. Indoor location determination by using RFIDs. International Journal of Mobile and Adhoc Network (IJMAN). 2013; 3: 7-11.
73. Panahi U. Redes AD HOC: Aplicacoes, Desafios, Direccoes Futuras. Edicoes Nosso Conhecimento. 2025.
74. Panahi P,Dehghan M. Multipath Video Transmission Over Ad Hoc Networks Using Layer Coding And Video Caches. In ICEE2008, 16th Iranian Conference On Electrical Engineering. 2008; 50-55.
75. Panahi DU. HOC A Networks: Applications. Challenges, Future Directions. Scholars’ Press. 2025.
76. Panahi O, Esmaili F, Kargarnezhad S. Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry. Scholars Press Publishing. 2024; 978-620.
77. Panahi O. Relevance between gingival hyperplasia and leukemia. Int J Acad Res. 2011; 3: 493-49.
78. Panahi O. Secure IoT for Healthcare. European Journal of Innovative Studiesand Sustainability. 2025; 1: 1-5.
79. Panahi O. Deep Learning in Diagnostics. Journal of Medical Discoveries. 2025; 2.
80. Panahi O. Artificial Intelligence in Oral Implantology, Its Applications, Impact and Challenges. Adv Dent & Oral Health. 2024; 17: 555966.
81. Oanahi P. Teledentistry: Expanding Access to Oral Healthcare. Journal of Dental Science Research Reviews & Reports. 2024; 203.
82. Panahi O. Empowering Dental Public Health: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Improved Oral Healthcare Access and Outcomes. JOJ Pub Health. 2024; 9: 555754.
83. Thamson K, Oanahi P. Bridging the Gap: AI as a Collaborative Tool between Clinicians and Researchers. J of Bio Adv Sci Research. 2025; 1: 1-08.
84. Panahi O. Algorithmic Medicine. Journal of Medical Discoveries. 202; 2.
85. Panahi O. The Future of Healthcare: AI, Public Health and the Digital Revolution. Medi Clin Case Rep J. 2025; 3: 763-766.
86. Thamson K, Panahi O. Challenges and Opportunities for Implementing AI in Clinical Trials. J of Bio Adv Sci Research. 2025; 1: 1-08.
87. Thamson K, Panahi O. Ethical Considerations and Future Directions of AI in Dental Health­care. J of Bio Adv Sci Research. 2025; 1: 1-07.
88. Thamson K, Panahi O. Bridging the Gap: AI, Data Science, and Evidence-Based Dentistry. J of Bio Adv Sci Research. 2025; 1: 1-13.
89. Gholizadeh M, Panahi O. Research system in health management information systems. Sciencia Scripts Publishing. 2021.
90. Panahi O, Esmaili F, Kargarnezhad S. L'intelligence artificielle dans l'odontologie, EDITION NOTRE SAVOIR Publishing. 2024.
91. Panahi O, Esmaili DF, Kargarnezhad DS. SCIENCIA SCRIPTS Publishing. 2024.
92. Panahi O. Panahi U. AI-Powered IoT: Transforming Diagnostics and Treatment Planning in Oral Implantology, J Adv Artif Intell Mach Learn. 2025.
93. Panahi O, SF Eslamlou. Periodontium: Structure, Function and Clinical Management.
94. Panahi O, Ezzati A. AI in dental-medicine: Current applications & future directions. Open Access Journal of Clinical Images. 2025; 2: 1-5.
95. Panahi O, Dadkhah S. Mitigating aflatoxin contamination in grains: The importance of postharvest management practices. Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology. 2025; 18.
96. Panahi O. Empowering Dental Public Health: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Improved Oral Healthcare Access and Outcomes. JOJ Pub Health. 2024.
97. Omid P, Fatmanur kC. Nano Technology, Regenerative Medicine and, Tissue Bio-Engineering. 2023.
98. The American Academy of Oral Medicine. Dental Management of the Oral Complications of Cancer Treatment. AAOM Professional Resource. 2017.
99. Panahi O. The Algorithmic Healer: AI's Impact on Public Health Delivery. Medi Clin Case Rep J. 2025; 3: 759-762.
100. Panahi O. AI: A New Frontier in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Acta Scientific Dental Sciences. 2024; 8: 40-42.
101. Panahi O and Falkner S (2025) Telemedicine, AI, and the Future of Public Health. Western J Med Sci & Res 2(1): 102.
102. Panahi D, Esmaili DF, Kargarnezhad DS. SCIENCIA SCRIPTS Publishing. 2024.
103. Esmaielzadeh DS, Panahi DO, Çay DFK. Application of Clay's in Drug Delivery in Dental Medicine. Scholars' Press. 2020.
104. Panahi NanoTechnology, Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Bio-Engineering. Scholars' Press. 2019.
105. Panahi O, Dadkhah DS. La IA en la odontología moderna. ISBN. 2025.
106. Panahi O, Esmaili DF, Kargarnezhad DS. Inteligencia artificial en odontología, NUESTRO CONOC. Mento Publishing. ISBN. 2024.
107. Panahi O, Esmaili DF, Kargarnezhad DS. Intelligenza artificiale in odontoiatria. SAPIENZA Publishing. ISBN. 2024.
108. Panahi O, Dadkhah DS. L'IA dans la dentisterie moderne. ISBN. 2025.
109. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF. Artificial Intelligence in Oral Surgery: Enhancing Diagnostics, Treatment, and Patient Care. J Clin Den & Oral Care. 2025; 3: 01-05.
110. Panahi O, Soren F. The Digital Double: Data Privacy, Security, and Consent in AI Implants. Digit J Eng Sci Technol. 2025; 2:105.
111. Panahi O, Eslamlou DSF. Le peridontium: Structure, fonction et gestion clinique. ISBN. 2025.
112. Panahi DO, Dadkhah DS. Sztuczna inteligencja w nowoczesnej stomatologii. ISBN. 2025.
113. Panahi O. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Shaping Future Health Planning. Int J Health Policy Plann. 2025; 4: 01-05.
114. Panahi O, Amirloo A. AI-enabled IT systems for improved dental practice management. On J Dent & Oral Health. 2025.
115. Panahi O, Dadkhah DS. A IA na medicina dentaria moderna. ISBN. 2025.
116. Panahi O, Dadkhah DS. L'intelligenza artificiale nell'odontoiatria moderna. ISBN.
117. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, JabbarzadehM. Medicina dentaria digital e inteligencia artificial. ISBN. 2025.
118. Panahi O. Cellule staminali della polpa dentaria. ISBN. 2021.
119. Panahi O Celulas madre de la pulpa dental. Ediciones Nuestro Conocimiento. 2021.
120. Panahi O. AI-Enhanced Case Reports: Integrating Medical Imaging for Diagnostic Insights. J Case Rep Clin Images. 2025; 8: 1161.
121. Panahi O. Navigating the AI Landscape in Healthcare and Public Health. Mathews J Nurs. 2025; 7: 56.
122. Panahi O. Innovative Biomaterials for Sustainable Medical Implants: A Circular Economy Approach. European Journal of Innovative Studies and Sustainability. 2025; 1: 1-5.
123. Panahi O, Azarfardin A. Computer-Aided Implant Planning: Utilizing AI for Precise Placement and Predictable Outcomes. Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health. 2025.
124. Panahi O. The Rising Tide: Artificial Intelligence Reshaping Healthcare Management. S J Publc Hlth. 2024; 1: 1-3. 
125. Panahi O. AI in Health Policy: Navigating Implementation and Ethical Considerations. Int J Health Policy Plann. 2025; 4: 1-5.
126. Panahi O. Bridging the Gap: AI-Driven Solutions for Dental Tissue Regeneration. Austin J Dent. 2024; 11: 1185.
127. Panahi O, Zeinalddin M. The Convergence of Precision Medicine and Dentistry: An AI and Robotics Perspective. Austin J Dent. 2024; 11: 1186.
128. Panahi O. Modern Sinus Lift Techniques: Aided by AI. Glob J Oto. 2024; 26: 556198.
129. Panahi O, Zeinalddin M. The remote monitoring toothbrush for early cavity detection using artificial intelligence (AI). IJDSIR. 2024.
130. Panahi O. Stammzellen aus dem Zahnmark. Verlag Unser Wissen. 2021.
131. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Stomatologia cyfrowa i sztuczna inteligencja. ISBN.
132. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Odontoiatria digitale e intelligenza artificiale. ISBN. 2025.
133. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Dentisterie numerique et intelligence artificielle. ISBN. 2025.
134. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Odontologia digital e inteligencia artificial. ISBN. 2025.
135. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Digitale Zahnmedizin und kunstliche Intelligenz. ISBN. 2025.
136. Panahi O. Predictive Health in Communities: Leveraging AI for Early Intervention and Prevention. Ann Community Med Prim Health Care. 2025; 3: 1027.
137. Panahi O, Zeinalddin M. The remote monitoring toothbrush for early cavity detection using artificial intelligence (AI). IJDSIR. 2024.
138. Panahi O. Stammzellen aus dem Zahnmark. Verlag Unser Wissen. 2021.
139. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Stomatologia cyfrowa i sztuczna inteligencja. ISBN.
140. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Odontoiatria digitale e intelligenza artificiale. ISBN. 2025.
141. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Dentisterie numérique et intelligence artificielle. ISBN. 2025.
142. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Odontología digital e inteligencia artificial. ISBN. 2025.
143. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Digitale Zahnmedizin und künstliche Intelligenz. ISBN. 2025.
144. Panahi O. Predictive Health in Communities: Leveraging AI for Early Intervention and Prevention. Ann Community Med Prim Health Care. 2025; 3: 1027.
145. Panahi P, Bay?lm?s C, Cavusoglu, U, Kacar S. Performance evaluation of lightweight encryption algorithms for IoT-based applications. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2021; 46: 4015-4037.
146. Panahi O, Panahi U. AI-Powered IoT: Transforming Diagnostics and Treatment Planning in Oral Implantology. J Adv Artif Intell Mach Learn. 2025; 1: 1-4.
147. Panahi U. AD HOC Networks: Applications, Challenges, Future Directions, Scholars’ Press. ISBN. 2025.
148. Panahi P, Dehghan M. Multipath Video Transmission over Ad Hoc Networks Using Layer Coding and Video Caches. In ICEE2008, 16th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering. 2008; 50-55.
149. Panahi O. Gholizadeh M.Sciencia Scripts Publishing. 2021.
150. Panahi U. AI-Powered IoT: 54, Trans forming Diagnostics and Treatment Planning in. 2025.
151. Panahi O, Ezzati DA, Zeynali M. Will AI Replace Your Dentist? The Future of Dental Practice. OnJ Dent & Oral Health. 2025; 8.
152. Panahi O. A New Frontier in 60, an Intelligence-Periodontology. Mod Res Dent.
153. Panahi O, Dadkhah DS. AI in der modernen 48, Zahnmedizin.
154. Panahi U. Redes AD HOC: Aplicacoes, Desafios, Direcções Futuras. Edições Nosso Conhecimento. ISBN. 2025.
155. Panahi U. AD HOC networks: Applications. Challenges, Future Paths. Our Knowledge. 2025.
156. Koyuncu B, Panahi P. Kalman filtering of link quality indicator values for position detection by using WSNS. International Journal of Computing, Communications & Instrumentation Engineering. 2014; 1.
157. Koyuncu B, Gokce A, Panahi P. Archaeological site bir arkeolojik sit alan?n?n rekonstruksiyonundaki butunlestirici oyun motoru tan?t?m?. In SOMA. 2015.
158. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF. Peridonio: Struttura, funzione e gestione clinica. ISBN. 2025.
159. Panahi O, Dadkhah S. AI in der modernen Zahnmedizin. ISBN.
160. Panahi O. Cellules souches de la pulpe dentaire. ISBN.
161. Panahi O, Esmaili F, Kargarnezhad S. SCIENCIA SCRIPTS Publishing. 2024.
162. Panahi O, Melody FR. A Novel Scheme about Extraction Orthodontic and Orthotherapy. International Journal of Academic Research. 2011; 3.
163. Panahi O. The evolving partnership: surgeons and robots in the maxillofacial operating room of the future. J Dent Sci Oral Care. 2025; 1: 1-7.
164. Panahi O, Dadkhah S. Sztuczna inteligencja w nowoczesnej stomatologii. ISBN.
165. Panahi O. The Future of Medicine: Converging Technologies and Human Health. Journal of Bio-Med and Clinical Research. RPC Publishers. 2025; 2.
166. Panahi O, Raouf MF, Patrik K. The Evaluation between Pregnancy and Periodontal Therapy. Int J Acad Res. 2011; 3: 1057-1058.
167. Panahi O, Nunag GM, Nourinezhad Siyahtan A. Molecular Pathology: Correlation of Helicobacter Pylori and Prevalent Infections in Oral Cavity. Cell Journal (Yakhteh), 12(Supplement 1) (The 1st International Student Congress on Cell and Molecular Medicine). 2011; 91-92.
168. Panahi O. The Age of Longevity: Medical Advances and the Extension of Human Life. Journal of Bio-Med and Clinical Research. RPC Publishers. 2025; 2.
169. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF. Peridoncio: Estructura, funcion y manejo clinico. ISBN.
170. Panahi O, Farrokh S. Building Healthier Communities: The Intersection of AI, IT, and Community Medicine. Int J Nurs Health Care. 2025; 1: 1-4.
171. Panahi O. ISBN.
172. Panahi O. Nanomedicine: Tiny Technologies, Big Impact on Health. Journal of Bio-Med and Clinical Research. RPC Publishers. 2025; 2.
173. Panahi O, Amirreza A. AI-Enabled IT Systems for Improved Dental Practice Management. On J Dent & Oral Health. 2025; 8.
174. Panahi O. Comparison between unripe Makopa fruit extract on bleeding and clotting time. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2013; 23: 205.
175. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF. Peridontium: Struktura, funkcja I post?powanie kliniczne. ISBN.
176. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF. Artificial Intelligence in Oral Surgery: Enhancing Diagnostics, Treatment, and Patient Care. J Clin Den & Oral Care. 2025; 3: 1-5.
177. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Odontoiatria digitale e intelligenza artificiale. ISBN.
178. Panahi O, Soren F. The Digital Double: Data Privacy, Security, and Consent in AI Implants. Digit J Eng Sci Technol. 2025; 2:105.
179. Panahi O, Eslamlou SF, Jabbarzadeh M. Medicina dentaria digital e inteligencia artificial. ISBN.
180. Panahi O. Stammzellen aus dem Zahnmark. ISBN.
181. Panahi O. AI-Enhanced Case Reports: Integrating Medical Imaging for Diagnostic Insights. J Case Rep Clin Images. 2025; 8: 1161.
182. Panahi O. Navigating the AI Landscape in Healthcare and Public Health. Mathews J Nurs. 2025; 7: 5.
183. Panahi O, Jabbarzadeh M. The Expanding Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Dentistry. On J Dent & Oral Health. 2025; 8.
184. Panahi O. Wearable Sensors and Personalized Sustainability: Monitoring Health and Environmental Exposures in Real-Time. European Journal of Innovative Studies and Sustainability. 2025; 1: 1-19.
185. Ostovar L, Khadem Vatan K, Panahi O. Clinical Outcome of Thrombolytic Therapy, Scholars Press Academic Publishing. 2020.
186. Panahi O, Sevil Farrokh E. Bioengineering Innovations in Dental Implantology. Curr Trends Biomedical Eng & Biosci. 2025; 23: 556111.
187. Panahi O. Artificial Intelligence: A New Frontier in Periodontology. Mod Res Dent. MRD. 2024. 8.
188. Panahi O, Melody FR, Kennet P, Tamson MK. Drug induced (calcium channel blockers) gingival hyperplasia. JMBS 2011; 2: 10-2.
189. Panahi O, Amirreza A. AI-Enabled IT Systems for Improved Dental Practice Management. On J Dent & Oral Health. 2025; 8.
190. Panahi O, Safaralizadeh R. How Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology are Transforming Dentistry. Adv Biotech & Micro. 2024; 18: 555981.
191. Panahi O, Zeinaldin M. AI-Assisted Detection of Oral Cancer: A Comparative Analysis. Austin J Pathol Lab Med. 2024; 10: 1037.
192. Panahi O, Farrokh S. USAG-1-Based Therapies: A Paradigm Shift in Dental Medicine. Int J Nurs Health Care. 2024; 1: 1-4.
193. Panahi O, Sevil F. Can AI Heal Us? The Promise of AI-Driven Tissue Engineering. Int J Nurs Health Care. 2024; 1: 1-4.
194. Gholizadeh M, Panahi O. Investigating System in Health Management Information Systems, Scholars Press Academic Publishing. ISBN. 2011.
195. Panahi O. AI Ushering in a New Era of Digital Dental-Medicine. Acta Scientific Medical Sciences. 2024; 8: 131-134.
196. Panahi O, Farrokh S. The use of machine learning for personalized dental-medicine treatment. Global Journal of Medical and Biomedical Case Reports. 2025; 1.
197. Maryam G, Panahi O. Sistema de investigacion en sistemas de informacion de gestion sanitaria, NUESTRO CONOC, MENTO Publishing. ISBN. 2021.
198. Maryam G, Panahi O. Untersuchungssystem im Gesund heits management Informations systeme, Unser wissen Publishing. ISBN. 2021.
199. Panahi O, Zeinaldin M. Digital Dentistry: Revolutionizing Dental Care. J Dent App. 2024; 10: 1121.
200. Panahi O, Evil Farrokh E. Beyond the Scalpel: AI, Alternative Medicine, and the Future of Personalized Dental Care. J Complement Med Alt Healthcare. 2024; 13: 555860.
201. Panahi O. Dental Implants & the Rise of AI. On J Dent & Oral Health. 2024; 8: 2024.
202. Gholizadeh M, Panahi O. Indagare il sistema nei sistemi informativi di gestione della salute, SAPIENZA Publishing. 2021.
203. Panahi O. Smart Robotics for Personalized Dental Implant Solutions. Dental. 2025; 7: 21.
204. Panahi O, Farrokh Eslamlou S, Masoumeh J, Medicina dentaria digital e inteligencia artificial.
205. Panahi O. AI in Surgical Robotics: Case Studies. Austin J Clin Case Rep. 2024; 11: 1342.
206. Panahi O, Safaralizadeh R. AI and Dental Tissue Engineering: A Potential Powerhouse for Regeneration. Mod Res Dent. 2024; 8.
207. Maryam G, Panahi O. Systeemonderzoek in Informatiesystemen voor Gezondheidsbeheer, ONZE KENNIS Publishing. 2021.
208. Maryam G, Panahi O. Sistema de Investigacao em Sistemas de Informacao de Gestao de Saude, NOSSO CONHECIMENTO Publishing. 2021.
209. Maryam G, Panahi O. System badawczy w systemach informacyjnych zarz?dzania zdrowiem, NAZSA WIEDZA Publishing. 2021.