Evaluation of Microalbuminuria and Associated Factors Amongst HIV Infected Children Seen at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

Isezuo KO, Yusuf T, Ibitoye PK, Jiya FB, Adamu A, Abdulrahman MB, Hano IJ, Abubakar F and Kangiwa LH

Published on: 1970-01-01

Abstract

Background: Microalbuminuria (MA) is considered to be an early precursor of renal disease in HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. Screening for this marker and measures to halt progression are being advocated in the care of these patients.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with MA amongst HIV infected children seen in UDUTH, Sokoto.

Methodology: Fifty-three (53) HIV infected children (aged 3 to 16 years) were selected in a descriptive cross-sectional study from July to December 2015. Those with febrile illnesses, symptoms of urine tract infection and kidney disease were excluded. Their demographic data, anthropometry, blood pressure, antiretroviral therapy (ART) details, and CD4 levels were recorded. Spot urine samples were tested by dipstick analysis and negative samples were further tested for MA using semi-quantitative Micral test strips. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20, while significance was at < 0.05.

Result: There were 29 males and 24 females; 92.5% of them were on ARTs with mean duration of 5 years. Abnormal dipstick urine findings occurred in eighteen (34%), and bilirubinuria was most frequent in 13.2%. Those with negative dipstick analysis (35/53; 66%) were tested for MA which was positive in 45.7% (16/35) which accounted for 30.2% of the total sample (16/53). The presence of MA was not related to the stage of the disease, CD4 levels, and duration of ART, blood pressure nor body mass index (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: It was concluded that semi-quantitative MA was high among the HIV infected children but not significantly associated with disease severity, length of infection, body mass index or blood pressure.