Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Maternal Awareness in Harari regional state, Ethiopia

Hussen A

Published on: 2024-12-11

Abstract

Introduction: Hyperbilirubinemia is characterized by elevated bilirubin levels in the blood, resulting in neonatal jaundice, which affects over 50% of term and up to 80% of preterm infants globally. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of neonatal jaundice ranges from 37.3% to 44.9%, posing a significant public health concern leading to neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Methodology: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Hiwotfana Specialized Referral Hospital from April 1-30, 2024. The target population included neonates diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia and their mothers. A sample size of 418 was calculated, and data were collected through structured interviews and medical record reviews. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS.

Results: A total of 400 mother-neonate pairs participated, resulting in a response rate of 95.69%. The overall prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia among neonates was 34%. Maternal knowledge regarding jaundice was low, with only 30% aware of the signs and 25% of potential complications. Risk factors associated with hyperbilirubinemia included preterm infants being four times more likely to develop the condition.

Conclusion and Recommendations: The study revealed a high prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia among neonates, with significant associations identified prematurity. Maternal knowledge regarding jaundice was found to be notably low. To address these findings, it is essential to enhance educational programs aimed at mothers and healthcare providers to improve awareness and management of hyperbilirubinemia. Additionally, future longitudinal studies should be conducted to further explore these associations and evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions in reducing the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia.