Impact of Maternal Nutrition on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Infants

Abah MA, Oladosu MA, Asare BK, Okorocha CU, Tayo-Ladega O, Wontumi SO, Agida OD, Onyeoche AS, Mazidatul-khayr BS and Atenji VR

Published on: 2026-01-02

Abstract

Maternal nutrition plays a pivotal role in supporting exclusive breastfeeding in infants, a critical period of rapid growth and development. A well-nourished mother is better equipped to produce high-quality breast milk that meets the nutritional needs of her infant, thereby influencing infant health outcomes. This review examines the impact of maternal nutrition on exclusive breastfeeding in infants, highlighting the importance of a balanced diet during lactation. The review discusses the effects of maternal nutrient deficiencies, such as inadequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals like iron, zinc, and vitamin D, on breast milk composition and infant health. It also explores the benefits of specific nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids and galactagogues, in supporting lactation and infant growth. Furthermore, the review highlights the importance of maternal nutrition in supporting the health and well-being of both mothers and infants, particularly in low-resource settings where nutrient deficiencies are prevalent. Maternal undernutrition can lead to decreased milk production, altered milk composition, and increased risk of infant morbidity and mortality. Conversely, optimal maternal nutrition can enhance breast milk quality, support infant growth and development, and promote maternal health. The findings of this review emphasize the need for targeted nutrition interventions and support for lactating mothers to promote exclusive breastfeeding and optimal infant growth and development. Healthcare providers and policymakers can utilize these findings to inform nutrition counselling and support programs for lactating mothers, ultimately improving maternal and infant health outcome.