Ion–Acoustic Slow Mode Solitons and Double Layers in Two-Temperature Non-Isothermal Electron Plasma

Sankar C

Published on: 2025-08-28

Abstract

Slow mode compressive solitons and double layers are studied by Sagdeev pseudopotential method in a collisionless, unmagnetized and non-relativistic plasmas containing warm positive ions, warm negative ions, warm positrons and two-temperature non-isothermal electrons. By taking all plasma constituents as adiabatic fluids, the “dispersion relation” is derived from the basic set of normalized fluid equations and the slow mode phase velocity  is then found and analyzed in a system way. It is also found that the slow mode phase velocity   lies within a range between the cool and hot ions thermal speeds and the double layer point  is found to be less than the limiting electrostatic potential  for some fixed plasma parameters. The effects of the concentration  of negative ions and the mass ratios (Q) of negative to positive ions on slow mode large amplitude solitons and small amplitude slow mode double layers and the temperature effects on small amplitude double layers are analyzed through the profiles of the Sagdeev pseudopotential function Ψ (Φ) , as well as the first   and second  order solitary wave solutions and double layer solutions  in a two-temperature non-isothermal electron plasma.