Ion–Acoustic Slow Mode Solitons and Double Layers in Two-Temperature Non-Isothermal Electron Plasma

Sankar C

Published on: 2025-08-28

Abstract

Slow mode compressive solitons and double layers are studied by Sagdeev pseudopotential method in a collisionless, unmagnetized and non-relativistic plasmas containing warm positive ions, warm negative ions, warm positrons and two-temperature non-isothermal electrons. By taking all plasma constituents as adiabatic fluids, the “dispersion relation” is derived from the basic set of normalized fluid equations and the slow mode phase velocity  is then found and analyzed in a system way. It is also found that the slow mode phase velocity   lies within a range between the cool and hot ions thermal speeds and the double layer point  is found to be less than the limiting electrostatic potential  for some fixed plasma parameters. The effects of the concentration  of negative ions and the mass ratios (Q) of negative to positive ions on slow mode large amplitude solitons and small amplitude slow mode double layers and the temperature effects on small amplitude double layers are analyzed through the profiles of the Sagdeev pseudopotential function Ψ (Φ) , as well as the first   and second  order solitary wave solutions and double layer solutions  in a two-temperature non-isothermal electron plasma.

Keywords

Slow mode and Fast mode phase velocity; Non-isothermal plasma; Sagdeev pseudopotential; Compressive solitons and double layers

Introduction

In the last few decades, a large number of physicists [1-13] studied the ion-acoustic slow and fast mode compressive and rarefactive solitary waves and double layers in a magnetized or an unmagnetized multicomponent plasmas consisting of warm positive and negative ions and electrons. These two modes of solitons and double layers are developed by the temperatures and concentrations of two kinds of ions. Reddy et al [14] studied slow and fast mode soliton amplitude and width for two-temperature isothermal electron plasmas with equal temperature of positive and negative ions. For single temperature non-isothermal electron plasma, Tagare et al [15] discussed slow and fast mode soliton amplitude and width with same temperatures of positive and negative ions. Verheest [16] studied fast ion – acoustic soliton only in an unmagnetized electron plasma consisting of any number of positive and negative ions. Again, Das et al [17] studied fast mode solitons in a magnetized isothermal electron plasma consisting of adiabatic positive and negative ions. In most cases, positive and negative ions are assumed either to have equal temperatures or to be cold in magnetized or unmagnetized plasmas. By reductive perturbation method, Mishra et al [18] investigated the slow and fast mode phase velocities in a magnetized low β – plasma consisting of warm positive and negative ions with unequal temperatures in a single temperature isothermal electron and showed the effects of mass, concentration and temperatures of different ions, angle of obliqueness and strength of magnetization on the characteristics of solitons amplitude and width for slow and fast modes. In a model plasma composed of cool and hot ions with cool and hot electrons, Maharaj et al [19] studied large amplitude slow and fast mode solitons and double layers by Sagdeev pseudopotential method. Sijo Sebastian et al [20] investigated the same slow and fast mode solitons in a five componentplasmas. Dubinov et al [21] pointed out the slow and fast mode solitons in their investigations. In our study, we consider only the large amplitude slow mode compressive solitons and small amplitude slow mode compressive double layers. Mushinzimana et al [22] investigated the ion thermal and electron superthermal effects on large amplitude slow ion-acoustic solitons, supersolitons and double layers in a warm negative and positive ions plasma with Kappa distributed electrons by Sagdeev pseudopotential method. Consequently, Maharaj et al [19] showed that the slow mode solitons can have critical Mach numbers from 0.17 to 1.73 so that their phase speeds lie between the cool and hot ion thermal speeds.

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