As stated in the abstract, a review of the articles "Physics of gravity" and "The picture of the world according to the second law of thermodynamics" is offered." [1,2,4] with conducting physical experiments. One of the key points in these articles is the assertion of the inverse temperature dependence of the forces of gravity. Experiments on this topic were conducted by Professor Dmitriev A.L. [3]. The organization and conduct of experiments on this topic is complicated by the fact that the forces of gravity are mainly influenced by the mass of the planet Earth (M₁). To establish the influence of temperature on the forces of gravity on the Earth's surface, it is necessary to conduct experiments with changes in the temperatures of bodies M₁ and M₂ in the formula of Newton's Law F=G(M₁*M₂)/r². In terrestrial conditions, changing the temperature of M₂ makes almost no sense, or very accurate measurements with a set of devices are necessary for this [3]. Changing the temperature of the Earth M₁ is absolutely impossible. Direct confirmation of the existence of an inverse temperature dependence of the gravitational forces is fraught with difficulties. This article offers an indirect confirmation of the existence of an inverse temperature dependence through inertia forces. Along the way, it is possible to assert the unified nature of the forces of inertia and the forces of gravity.

Conducting Experiments

Articles [1,2] are conceptually related. The articles present the mechanism of formation of gravitational forces as a cumulative reaction of the gyroscopic forces.

The articles [1,2] present the mechanism of formation of gravitational forces as a cumulative reaction of the gyroscopic forces of rotation of electrons to the external influence of the Expansion of the Universe. The articles also note the unified nature of the forces of gravity and inertia. Inertia forces are also formed as a cumulative reaction of the gyroscopic forces of rotation of electrons to external influences. Here, the external effect is a mechanical effect on the body. Accordingly, it can be assumed that the inertia forces also have an inverse temperature dependence. The inverse temperature dependence is explained by a change in the stiffness of interatomic, intramolecular, and intermolecular bonds depending on the temperature of the object. Interatomic and intermolecular bonds are schematically represented as a grid (for solids, liquids and gases). Electron rotation is the dynamic part of the gyroscope, interatomic and intermolecular bonds are the static part of the gyroscope. The reaction of the dynamic part is transmitted to the static part of the gyroscope. The result of an external influence (gravity) depends on the rigidity of the grid. As the temperature increases, the rigidity of the lattice decreases, and vice versa. For example, an increase in stiffness increases the effect of the reaction of the gyroscopic forces of rotation of electrons on the grid itself, thereby increasing gravity, and vice versa. An increase in body temperature reduces the forces of inertia, a decrease in body temperature increases the forces of inertia.

It is suggested to familiarize yourself with a simple experience on the approval of this dependence. The pilot plant consists of a test facility – a steel ball with a diameter of 20mm, a trigger device, a chute with a measuring ruler to determine the range of the ball's blowout (Figure. 1).

Figure 1: The scheme of the test facility.

Experience does not claim to be accurate measurements. The main task of the experiment is to establish the very fact of the inverse temperature dependence of inertia forces. Namely, it is necessary to determine whether there is a difference in the departure of ΔL depending on the temperature difference Δt. The flight of the ball to a distance L occurs exclusively under the action of inertia forces. A longer range of the ball's departure corresponds to a greater force of inertia, a shorter range corresponds to a lesser force of inertia. The range measurements were carried out at different temperatures of the ball.

Description of the Experiments

The design of the test bench is shown in Fig.1. A steel ball with a diameter of 20mm was used as the test body. The temperature of a cold body is the ambient temperature t₁=10 ^oC. The body was heated in boiling water. A complete warming up of the body is necessary. The temperature t₂=55 ^oC is recorded in the protocol. The temperature of the ball was measured by a thermocouple on the surface of the ball. Temperature measurement does not claim to be accurate. The flights were measured in series. Series of measurements were made at different times (6 series). In each series, 10 measurements were made for a cold body and 10 measurements for a warm body. The average reach for a cold body was 43.3 cm, for a hot body 35.16 cm. The difference in departures is 8.14 cm. The difference turned out to be much larger than expected. The experiments are easily repeated at home, in a student laboratory.

The main conclusion of the article and the experiments carried out is that direct evidence of the inverse temperature dependence of inertia forces has been obtained. These proofs can be considered indirect to assert the inverse temperature dependence of the gravitational forces. The presented experiment considered the work of inertia forces in the braking phase of rectilinear motion of the body. It is also necessary to conduct experiments in the acceleration phase of the rectilinear motion of the body, the movement of the body along various curved trajectories. Figure 2 shows the load distribution scheme for cold and hot bodies. The scheme is valid for the forces of inertia and the forces of gravity. This scheme also shows the mechanism of the inverse temperature dependence of the forces of inertia and the forces of gravity.

Figure 2: Load distribution scheme in the ejection phase.

Naturally, repeating the results of the experiment will give importance to the proposed hypothesis on the physics of gravity. It is quite possible that this will set new tasks for conclusions. In other words, the first stage requires repeated repetition of the experience. The final conclusion will be built after these experiments.

Preliminary conclusions. We have a generally accepted statement that the forces of gravity are similar to the forces of inertia, have a common nature. The forces of inertia have an inverse temperature dependence, respectively; the forces of gravity also have an inverse temperature dependence. This statement defines a new direction in the study of the forces of gravity.

1. Kuzminov IV. The Physics of Gravity. Breakthrough Hypothesis. WASET Conference, code paper.
2. Kuzminov IV. Picture of the World by the Second Law of Thermodynamic” WASET Conference, code paper: 23NL110093.
3. Dmitriev AL. A simple experiment confirming the negative temperature dependence of gravity. J Eng Phy. 2012; 3: 48-51;
4. Kuzminov IV. Physics of Gravity. Comments and criticism of existing views. Am J Planetary and Space Sci. 2023; 2.